AFFIRMATIVE ACTION

Choose a case:

• Hopwood v. University of Texas
  
• California's Proposition 209
  
• Piscataway v. Taxman
  
• Adarand Constructors, Inc. v. Pena
  
• Regents of the University of California v. Bakke
  
• Other documents

A statement by Justice Ginsburg about the Supreme Court's decision not to hear an appeal of the ruling by the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit. (7/2/96)

A brief filed by four rejected white applicants to the Texas law school, urging the Supreme Court to let the lower court's decision stand (5/31/96)

An amicus brief filed by nine states and the District of Columbia (5/31/96)

An amicus brief filed by the U.S. Justice Department (5/28/96)

A brief filed by a group of black students with the Supreme Court, seeking to enter an appeal of the ruling (5/20/96)

The petition by the Texas Attorney General asking for Supreme Court review of the decision (5/1/96)

A stay of the appeals-court decision (4/22/96)

The ruling by the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit (3/19/96)

• The concurring opinion to the ruling (3/19/96)

A ruling by a three-judge panel of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit lifting an injunction on the enforcement of Proposition 209, a ballot measure passed by California voters to bar state agencies -- including public colleges -- from using racial or ethnic preferences. (4/9/97)

A judge's ruling temporarily barring the University of California from eliminating racial preferences in its admissions and hiring system. (9/16/96)

The Supreme Court's decision by Justice O'Connor (6/23/95)

Concurring opinion by Justice Scalia

Concurring opinion by Justice Thomas

Dissenting opinion by Justice Stevens

Dissenting opinion by Justice Souter

Dissenting opinion by Justice Ginsburg

President Clinton's response to the Court's decision

A brief filed with the U.S. Supreme Court by the National Association of Scholars (10/13/97)

A brief filed with the U.S. Supreme Court by three law professors (Posted (10/13/97)

A brief filed by a coalition of higher-education associations urging the Supreme Court not to use the case to prohibit the use of racial or gender preferences by educational institutions to promote diversity. (8/26/97)

a brief filed by the U.S. Justice Department urging the U.S. Supreme Court not to use the case to prohibit the use of racial or gender preferences by educational institutions to promote diversity (8/26/97)

The decision in Taxman v. the Board of Education for Piscataway Township, including the concurring and dissenting opinions, in which the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit upheld the lower court's ruling for the plaintiff (9/6/96)

The ruling in which the Supreme Court threw out the University of California's special-admissions program but ruled that race could be taken into account in college admissions (1978)

A ruling by the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit that a laboratory elementary school operated by the University of California at Los Angeles can legally use race-based admissions policies for the sake of research. Plus the full text of the dissent (9/13/99)

A ruling by a federal judge dismissing a lawsuit that challenged the University of Georgia's use of racial preferences to admit some minority students. The ruling also said that the policy was probably unconstitutional (7/19/99)

Draft guidelines by the U.S. Education Department's Office for Civil Rights that would put colleges and universities in legal jeopardy if they make SAT or ACT scores the primary basis for admissions and financial-aid decisions (5/17/99)

A decision by the Nevada Supreme Court upholding the affirmative-action plan used by the University of Nevada (12/8/99)

A class-action lawsuit filed against the University of Michigan by two unsuccessful white applicants who charge that their rejection stemmed from the university's use of different admissions standards for applicants of different races (10/15/97)

A lawsuit filed in federal court challenging the way Georgia has run its public black colleges and the affirmative-action programs it uses to attract black students to predominantly white colleges (3/10/97)

A lawsuit challenging the constitutionality of a requirement that some seats on the University of North Carolina Board of Governors be held for women and members of minority groups. (4/22/96)

Excerpts from a ruling by he U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit that the University of Maryland at College Park had no right to restrict one of its scholarships to black students. (11/2/94)

The University of Michigan: Defending Diversity or Discrimination?

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