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The Chronicle of Higher Education
From the issue dated September 28, 2001


Images of Unmediated Ugliness

By PAUL LEVINSON




In the wake of the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon, The Chronicle asked scholars in a variety of disciplines to reflect on those events. Their comments were submitted in writing or transcribed from interviews.

The televised images of the World Trade Center destruction and the Pentagon attack are surely the most searing in media history.

In one sense, these continue a thread that begins with Brady's Civil War photographs and wends its awful way through breathtaking radio reports of the bombing of London. But the WTC images are more, in a class of sheer effrontery to humanity all by themselves. Unlike still photography, there is no separation between us and the atrocity; unlike radio, there is no saving visual curtain drawn; unlike even televised coverage of Vietnam and the Gulf War, there is no military packaging that gets in the way. The images were just reality, in every bit of its full-color unmediated ugliness.

There were some bright spots in the communication, too. The Internet emerged as a wonderful backbone of communication. When phone service was down or overloaded, e-mail could still be sent to friends and loved ones around the country and the world. Cell phones, blamed of late for increasing losses of civility, performed heroic service for some of the people on the doomed planes.

We've seen the global village on fire before. But never so close to home -- never at home, at the center, the financial and cultural capital of the world. Is there no good in this rubble?

Well, there is also the image of the WTC antennae emerging from the devastation, phoenix-like, defiantly flying an American flag hung there by courageous firefighters. I like to think it's saying that freedom and peace will somehow emerge from these shards, no doubt transformed, not like before, but more or less intact.

Paul Levinson is a professor of communication and media studies at Fordham University.


http://chronicle.com
Section: The Chronicle Review
Page: B15

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Copyright © 2001 by The Chronicle of Higher Education



Reflections on the Fractured Landscape







Edward T. Linenthal: Toward the 'New Normal'

Azizah al-Hibri: Can We Restore America's Historical Role?

Bernard Wasserstein: Anti-Semitism and Anti-Americanism

Thomas E. Gouttierre: An Abandoned Afghanistan

Joanne B. Freeman: The American Republic, Past and Present

Stanley Hauerwas: A Complex God

Terry L. Deibel: Finding a Middle Road

Stanley I. Kutler: Fanatics at Home and Abroad

Howard Zinn: Compassion, Not Vengeance

Robert Jay Lifton: Giving Meaning to Survival

Alan M. Dershowitz: Preserving Civil Liberties

Richard Perle: Needed: a Sustained Campaign

Mark Crispin Miller: Danger in the New Solemnity

David P. Barash: Our Biological Nature

John O. Voll: Understanding Terrorism

R. Scott Appleby: Building Peace to Combat Religious Terror

Richard Slotkin: Our Myths of Choice

Christopher Phelps: Why We Shouldn't Call It War

Homi Bhabha: A Narrative of Divided Civilizations

Amitai Etzioni: Balancing Rights and Public Safety

Michael Ledeen: Steps to a Safer World

Leonard Cassuto: The Power of Words

Catherine Lutz: Our Legacy of War

Paul Levinson: Images of Unmediated Ugliness

Thomas S. Hibbs: What Kind of Evil?

David Sterritt and Mikita Brottman: Hollywood's Metaphors

Robert S. McElvaine: A Second Black Tuesday

Jeane Kirkpatrick: The Case for Force

Robert Coles: In the Words of Children

R. Stephen Humphreys: Muslims Must Look Within

Richard Mouw: A Time for Self-Examination

Point of View
Laurie Fendrich: History Overcomes Stories