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The Chronicle of Higher Education
From the issue dated September 28, 2001


Understanding Terrorism

By JOHN O. VOLL




In the wake of the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon, The Chronicle asked scholars in a variety of disciplines to reflect on those events. Their comments were submitted in writing or transcribed from interviews.

The concept that there may be rationality in terrorism -- something beyond simple, blinding hate -- is virtually inconceivable to many people.

Yet to understand terrorism, it is important to put it in a broader context and to recognize that it has many sources. One, for example, is widespread fear of the immense power of the United States. Around the world, people know that the United States can focus virtually unimaginable destructive power on any person or place. Among some, this fear becomes hate, and terrorism is seen as the only effective response to overwhelming American power. In this context, an American response to the terrible acts of September 11 that would show that we could destroy a country like Afghanistan would only confirm the convictions of those who hate the United States.

Scholars and other experts who are asked to "explain" terrorism have a difficult task. Most people want a simple answer, like, "These people are blind adherents of an evil cult," or "These people are desperately clinging to an ignorant past that is impossible to preserve." Those who attempt to go beyond simplistic answers to understand the causes of terrorism run the risk of being accused of being apologists or supporters of the terrorists. However, the causes for which terrorists are willing to die have great appeal to many people in the world. Trying to understand and explain that appeal is not advocacy; it is the first step in a long-term program for reducing terrorism in the world.

John O. Voll is a professor of Islamic history at Georgetown University.


http://chronicle.com
Section: The Chronicle Review
Page: B10

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Copyright © 2001 by The Chronicle of Higher Education



Reflections on the Fractured Landscape







Edward T. Linenthal: Toward the 'New Normal'

Azizah al-Hibri: Can We Restore America's Historical Role?

Bernard Wasserstein: Anti-Semitism and Anti-Americanism

Thomas E. Gouttierre: An Abandoned Afghanistan

Joanne B. Freeman: The American Republic, Past and Present

Stanley Hauerwas: A Complex God

Terry L. Deibel: Finding a Middle Road

Stanley I. Kutler: Fanatics at Home and Abroad

Howard Zinn: Compassion, Not Vengeance

Robert Jay Lifton: Giving Meaning to Survival

Alan M. Dershowitz: Preserving Civil Liberties

Richard Perle: Needed: a Sustained Campaign

Mark Crispin Miller: Danger in the New Solemnity

David P. Barash: Our Biological Nature

John O. Voll: Understanding Terrorism

R. Scott Appleby: Building Peace to Combat Religious Terror

Richard Slotkin: Our Myths of Choice

Christopher Phelps: Why We Shouldn't Call It War

Homi Bhabha: A Narrative of Divided Civilizations

Amitai Etzioni: Balancing Rights and Public Safety

Michael Ledeen: Steps to a Safer World

Leonard Cassuto: The Power of Words

Catherine Lutz: Our Legacy of War

Paul Levinson: Images of Unmediated Ugliness

Thomas S. Hibbs: What Kind of Evil?

David Sterritt and Mikita Brottman: Hollywood's Metaphors

Robert S. McElvaine: A Second Black Tuesday

Jeane Kirkpatrick: The Case for Force

Robert Coles: In the Words of Children

R. Stephen Humphreys: Muslims Must Look Within

Richard Mouw: A Time for Self-Examination

Point of View
Laurie Fendrich: History Overcomes Stories