The statistics in this Almanac are meant to provide a broad view of higher education in the 50 states and the District of Columbia.
The figures are comparable from state to state and, in all cases, were the latest available at press time.
The time covered by the statistics varies from item to item.
The U.S. Department of Education typically releases statistics from its surveys of colleges and universities two to three years after collecting the data.
As a consequence, the latest figures on academic degrees conferred cover 2000-1.
Because of rounding, figures may not add up to 100 percent. The designation "n/a" indicates that data are not available or not applicable. In some instances, U.S. totals may include data on military institutions and outlying areas that are not shown separately.
DEMOGRAPHICS
Population:
SOURCE: Census Bureau (http://www.census.gov)
DATE: 2002
Age distribution:
SOURCE: Census Bureau (http://www.census.gov)
DATE: 2000
Racial and ethnic distribution:
SOURCE: Census Bureau (http://www.census.gov)
DATE: 2000
NOTE: The complete names of the racial and ethnic categories are as follows: American Indian and Alaska Native; Asian; black or African-American; Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islander; Hispanic or other Latino; and white.
Educational attainment of adults
(highest level):
SOURCE: Census Bureau (http://www.census.gov)
DATE: 2000
NOTE: Figures cover people 25 years and older.
Per-capita personal income:
SOURCE: U.S. Department of Commerce (http://www.commerce.gov)
DATE: 2002 (preliminary)
Poverty rate:
SOURCE: Census Bureau (http://www.census.gov)
DATE: 2000-2001 average
NOTE: Figures are estimates based on a survey of 60,000 households conducted in March 2001 and March 2002. The figures are subject to sampling error. Poverty thresholds vary by family size and composition. In 2001, for example, the threshold for a family of four was $18,104.
New high-school graduates:
SOURCE: Western Interstate
Commission for Higher Education
(http://www.wiche.edu)
DATE: Projections for 2003-4 and
2011-12 were made in March 1998.
NOTE: The projections cover both public and nonpublic high-school graduates in all states.
New GED diploma recipients:
SOURCE: American Council on Education (http://www.acenet.edu)
DATE: 2001
NOTE: General Educational Development diplomas are high-school-equivalency certificates awarded to high-school dropouts who pass the GED test.
High-school dropout rate:
SOURCE: Kids Count Data Book, 2001, Annie E. Casey Foundation (http://aecf.org)
DATE: Average of 1999-2001 data
NOTE: Figures represent the proportion of 16- to 19-year-olds who are not high-school graduates and who are not enrolled in school. The statistics were prepared for the foundation by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, using data from the Census Bureau's Current Population Survey.
POLITICAL LEADERSHIP
Governor:
SOURCE: National Governors' Association (http://www.nga.org)
Governor's higher-education aide:
SOURCE: Chronicle reporting
U.S. Senators:
SOURCE: Secretary of the Senate (http://www.senate.gov)
U.S. Representatives:
SOURCE: Clerk of the House
of Representatives (http://www.house.gov)
Legislature:
SOURCE: National Conference of State Legislatures (http://www.ncsl.org)
NOTE: Figures represent the composition of state legislatures as of July 2003.
COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES
Higher education:
SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education (http://www.ed.gov)
DATE: 2001-2
NOTE: The statistics include only degree-granting postsecondary institutions eligible to participate in federal Title IV financial-aid programs. Public institutions include those controlled by local and state governments, as well as military academies and other institutions operated by the federal government.
Statewide coordinating board:
SOURCES: State Higher Education
Executive Officers (http://www.sheeo.org); Chronicle reporting
NOTE: These organizations are responsible for planning for public colleges and universities. Some boards also have governing authority.
Private-college association:
SOURCES: National Association
of Independent Colleges and Universities (http://www.naicu.edu); Chronicle reporting
Statewide national-service agency:
SOURCES: Corporation for National Service (http://www.cns.gov); Chronicle reporting
NOTE: These agencies were created in 1994 as part of the federal government's national-service program. Through this program, students can earn college scholarships or loan forgiveness in return for service.
Statewide virtual university:
SOURCES: Instructional Telecommunications Council
(http://www.itcnetwork.org); Chronicle reporting
NOTE: This listing does not include regional, multistate institutions.
Institutions censured by the AAUP:
SOURCE: American Association
of University Professors (http://www.aaup.org)
DATE: Action as of June 2003
NOTE: The A.A.U.P. censures institutions when it finds that they have violated its standards of academic freedom and tenure. The standards seek to protect the rights of faculty members to free speech without fear of penalty, and to due process in appointment, promotion, and tenure decisions. The standards are included in the 1940 Statement of Principles of Academic Freedom and Tenure, which was developed by the A.A.U.P. and the Association of American Colleges and Universities and endorsed by more than 150 other academic organizations. Censure was imposed on administrative officers at the institutions. The association also sanctions institutions for infringements of shared governance. The three institutions that have received this sanction are identified with the word "governance."
Institutions under NCAA sanctions:
SOURCE: National Collegiate Athletic
Association (http://www.ncaa.org)
DATE: Action as of August 2003
FACULTY MEMBERS
Average pay of full-time professors:
SOURCE: U.S. Department
of Education (http://www.ed.gov)
DATE: 1999-2000
NOTE: Figures cover full-time members of the instructional staff on 9- and 10-month contracts only. Those faculty members account for about 85 percent of all full-time college professors. Figures do not include medical-school faculty members. The average for all faculty members includes the categories of instructors, lecturers, and faculty members without ranks. Those categories are not shown separately.
STUDENTS
Enrollment:
SOURCE: U.S. Department
of Education (http://www.ed.gov)
DATE: Fall 2000
NOTE: The complete names of the racial and ethnic categories are as follows: American Indian and Alaskan Native; Asian and Pacific Islander; black, non-Hispanic; Hispanic; and white, non-Hispanic. Foreign students are nonresident aliens studying in the United States on a temporary basis.
Enrollment highlights:
SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education (http://www.ed.gov)
DATE: Fall 2000
NOTE: All proportions are based on total enrollment.
Proportion of enrollment made up of minority students:
SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education (http://www.ed.gov)
DATE: Fall 2000
Degrees awarded:
SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education (http://www.ed.gov)
DATE: 2000-1
Residence of new students:
SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education (http://www.ed.gov)
DATE: Fall 2000
NOTE: Figures cover only freshmen who had graduated from high school in the previous year.
Test scores:
SOURCES: ACT (http://www.act.org);
College Board (http://www.collegeboard.com)
DATES: ACT, 2003; SAT, 2002
NOTE: The ACT is scored on a scale from 1 to 36. The College Board's SAT is scored on a scale from 400 to 1600. For each state, one score is given, depending on which test was taken by the larger number of students.
Graduation rates at NCAA Division I institutions:
SOURCE: National Collegiate Athletic Association (http://www.ncaa.org)
NOTE: Figures were compiled by the NCAA as part of a federal requirement to collect information on graduation rates of all students and athletes at the institutions that play in Division I, the top competitive level. The figures represent the proportion of full-time freshmen in 1995-96 who had earned bachelor's degrees by August 2004. The figures include both athletes and nonathletes.
MONEY
Average tuition and fees:
SOURCE: U.S. Department
of Education (http://www.ed.gov)
DATE: 2001-2
NOTE: Figures cover undergraduate charges and are weighted by fall 2000 full-time-equivalent undergraduate enrollment. The figures for public institutions represent charges to state residents.
Expenditures:
SOURCE: U.S. Department
of Education (http://www.ed.gov)
DATE: 2000 fiscal year
NOTE: Public and private colleges use different accounting standards, and their expenditures categories differ. For public institutions, the spending figures cover "current-funds expenditures and transfers." For private colleges, the figures cover "total expenses."
State funds for higher-education operating expenses:
SOURCE: Center for the Study of
Education Policy, Illinois State University (http://coe.ilstu.edu/grapevine)
DATE: 2002-3
NOTE: Figures include state tax funds appropriated for colleges and universities, for student aid, and for governing and coordinating boards. They do not include funds for capital outlays and money from sources other than state taxes, such as student fees or appropriations from local governments.
State spending on student aid:
SOURCE: National Association
of State Student Grant and Aid
Programs (http://www.nassgap.org)
DATE: 2001-2
NOTE: "Need based" aid covers scholarships awarded on the basis of a student's financial situation. "Non-need based" aid includes scholarships given to reward meritorious students, to encourage students to major in particular disciplines, or to reduce the difference in tuition costs between public and private institutions. The statistics cover aid to both undergraduate and graduate students. The figures generally do not include such "special" aid programs as tuition waivers and scholarships administered by organizations other than state grant agencies.
Total spending on research and development by colleges and
universities:
SOURCE: National Science Foundation
(http://www.nsf.gov)
DATE: 2001 fiscal year
NOTE: Figures cover spending in science and engineering and exclude spending in such disciplines as the arts, education, and the humanities.
Total federal spending on college- and university-based research
and development:
SOURCE: National Science Foundation (http://www.nsf.gov)
DATE: 2001 fiscal year
NOTE: Figures cover federal obligations, which are funds set aside for payments. Institutions do not always receive them in the year in which they were obligated. Figures include only spending for science and engineering projects, and exclude spending in such disciplines as the arts, education, and the humanities.
Largest endowment:
SOURCES: National Association
of College and University Business
Officers (http://www.nacubo.org);
Chronicle reporting
DATE: As of June 30, 2002
Top fund raisers:
SOURCE: Council for Aid to Education (http://www.cae.org)
DATE: 2001-2
NOTE: Figures are based on a survey of 955 institutions, which together received about 85 percent of all private contributions to colleges and universities. Rankings of institutions may be heavily influenced by the timing of fund drives, unusually large gifts, and other factors.
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