Demographics
	Political leadership
	Colleges & universities
	Faculty members
	Students
	Money

The statistics in this Almanac are meant to provide a broad view of higher education in the 50 states and the District of Columbia.

The figures are comparable from state to state and, in all cases, were the latest available at press time.

The time covered by the statistics varies from item to item.

The U.S. Department of Education typically releases statistics from its surveys of colleges and universities two to three years after collecting the data. As a consequence, the latest figures on academic degrees conferred cover 1997-98.

Because of rounding, figures may not add up to 100 percent. The designation "n/a" indicates that data are not available or not applicable. In some instances, U.S. totals may include data on military institutions and outlying areas that are not shown separately.

Population:
SOURCE: Census Bureau (http://www.census.gov)
DATE: 2000

Age distribution:
SOURCE: Census Bureau (http://www.census.gov)
DATE: 2000

Racial and ethnic distribution:
SOURCE: Census Bureau (http://www.census.gov)
DATE: 2000
NOTE: The complete names of the racial and ethnic categories are as follows: American Indian and Alaska Native; Asian; black or African-American; Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islander; Hispanic or other Latino; and white.

Educational attainment of adults
(highest level):
SOURCE: Census Bureau (http://www.census.gov)
DATE: 2000
NOTE: Figures cover people 25 years and older.

Per-capita personal income:
SOURCE: U.S. Department of Commerce (http://www.commerce.gov)
DATE: 2000 (preliminary)

Poverty rate:
SOURCE: Census Bureau (http://www.census.gov)
DATE: 1998-99 average
NOTE: Figures are estimates based on a survey of 60,000 households conducted in March 1999 and March 2000. The figures are subject to sampling error, and the Census Bureau advises against using them to rank the states. Poverty thresholds vary by family size and composition. In 1999, for example, the threshold for a family of four was $16,895.

New high-school graduates:
SOURCE: Western Interstate Commission for Higher Education (http://www.wiche.edu)
DATE: Projections for 2001-2 and 2011-12 were made in March 1998.
NOTE: The projections cover both public and nonpublic high-school graduates in all states.

New GED diploma recipients:
SOURCE: American Council on Education (http://www.acenet.edu)
DATE: 2000
NOTE: General Educational Development diplomas are high-school-equivalency certificates awarded to high-school dropouts who pass the G.E.D. test.

High-school dropout rate:
SOURCE: Kids Count Data Book, 2001, Annie E. Casey Foundation (http://aecf.org)
DATE: Average of 1997-99 data
NOTE: Figures represent the proportion of 16- to 19-year-olds who are not high-school graduates and who are not enrolled in school. The statistics were prepared for the foundation by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, using data from the Census Bureau's Current Population Survey.

Governor:
SOURCE: National Governors' Association (http://www.nga.org)

Governor's higher-education aide:
SOURCE: Chronicle reporting

U.S. Senators:
SOURCE: Secretary of the Senate (http://www.senate.gov)

U.S. Representatives:
SOURCE: Clerk of the House of Representatives (http://www.house.gov)

Legislature:
SOURCE: National Conference of State Legislatures (http://www.ncsl.org)
NOTE: Figures represent the composition of state legislatures as of July 2001.

Higher education:
SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education (http://www.ed.gov)
DATE: 1998-99
NOTE: The statistics include only degree-granting postsecondary institutions eligible to participate in federal Title IV financial-aid programs. Public institutions include those controlled by local and state governments, as well as military academies and other institutions operated by the federal government.

Statewide coordinating board:
SOURCES: State Higher Education Executive Officers (http://www.sheeo.org); Chronicle reporting
NOTE: These organizations are responsible for planning for public colleges and universities. Some boards also have governing authority.

Private-college association:
SOURCES: National Association of Independent Colleges and Universities (http://www.naicu.edu); Chronicle reporting

Statewide national-service agency:
SOURCES: Corporation for National Service (http://www.cns.gov); Chronicle reporting
NOTE: These agencies were created in 1994 as part of the federal government's national-service program. Through this program, students can earn college scholarships or loan forgiveness in return for service.

Statewide virtual university:
SOURCES: Instructional Telecommunications Council (http://www.itcnetwork.org); Chronicle reporting
NOTE: This listing does not include regional, multistate institutions.

Institutions censured by the AAUP:
SOURCE: American Association of University Professors (http://www.aaup.org)
DATE: Action as of June 2001
NOTE: The A.A.U.P. censures institutions when it finds that they have violated its standards of academic freedom and tenure. The standards seek to protect the rights of faculty members to free speech without fear of penalty, and to due process in appointment, promotion, and tenure decisions. The standards are included in the 1940 Statement of Principles of Academic Freedom and Tenure, which was developed by the A.A.U.P. and the Association of American Colleges and Universities and endorsed by more than 150 other academic organizations. Censure was imposed on administrative officers at the institutions. The association also sanctions institutions for infringements of shared governance. The three institutions that have received this sanction are identified with the word "governance."

Institutions under NCAA sanctions:
SOURCE: National Collegiate Athletic Association (http://www.ncaa.org)
DATE: Action as of August 2001

Average pay of full-time professors:
SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education (http://www.ed.gov)
DATE: 1998-99
NOTE: Figures cover full-time members of the instructional staff on 9- and 10-month contracts only. Those faculty members account for about 85 percent of all full-time college professors. Figures do not include medical-school faculty members. The average for all faculty members includes the categories of instructors, lecturers, and faculty members without ranks. Those categories are not shown separately.

Enrollment:
SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education (http://www.ed.gov)
DATE: Fall 1999
NOTE: The complete names of the racial and ethnic categories are as follows: American Indian and Alaskan Native; Asian and Pacific Islander; black, non-Hispanic; Hispanic; and white, non-Hispanic. Foreign students are nonresident aliens studying in the United States on a temporary basis.

Enrollment highlights:
SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education (http://www.ed.gov)
DATE: Fall 1999
NOTE: All proportions are based on total enrollment with one exception: The proportion of students who are minority-group members covers only U.S. citizens.

Proportion of enrollment made up of minority students:
SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education (http://www.ed.gov)
DATE: Fall 1999
NOTE: Figures cover only those students who are U.S. citizens.

Degrees awarded:
SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education (http://www.ed.gov)
DATE: 1997-98

Residence of new students:
SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education (http://www.ed.gov)
DATE: Fall 1998
NOTE: Figures cover only freshmen who had graduated from high school in the previous year.

Test scores:
SOURCES: ACT (http://www.act.org); College Board (http://www.collegeboard.com)
DATES: ACT, 2001; SAT, 2000
NOTE: The ACT is scored on a scale from 1 to 36. The College Board's SAT is scored on a scale from 400 to 1600. For each state, one score is given, depending on which test was taken by the larger number of students.

Graduation rates at NCAA Division I institutions:
SOURCE: National Collegiate Athletic Association (http://www.ncaa.org)
NOTE: Figures were compiled by the N.C.A.A. as part of a federal requirement to collect information on graduation rates of all students and athletes at the institutions that play in Division I, the top competitive level. The figures represent the proportion of full-time freshmen in 1993-94 who had earned bachelor's degrees by August 1999. The figures include both athletes and nonathletes.

Average tuition and fees:
SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education (http://www.ed.gov)
DATE: 1999-2000
NOTE: Figures cover undergraduate charges and are weighted by fall 1998 full-time-equivalent undergraduate enrollment. The figures for public institutions represent charges to state residents.

Expenditures:
SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education (http://www.ed.gov)
DATES: public institutions, 1996-97; private institutions, 1995-96

State funds for higher-education operating expenses:
SOURCE: Center for the Study of Education Policy, Illinois State University (http://coe.ilstu.edu/grapevine)
DATE: 2000-1
NOTE: Figures include state tax funds appropriated for colleges and universities, for student aid, and for governing and coordinating boards. They do not include funds for capital outlays and money from sources other than state taxes, such as student fees or appropriations from local governments.

State spending on student aid:
SOURCE: National Association of State Student Grant and Aid Programs (http://www.nassgap.org)
DATE: 1999-2000
NOTE: "Need based" aid covers scholarships awarded on the basis of a student's financial situation. "Non-need based" aid includes scholarships given to reward meritorious students, to encourage students to major in particular disciplines, or to reduce the difference in tuition costs between public and private institutions. The statistics cover aid to both undergraduate and graduate students. The figures generally do not include such "special" aid programs as tuition waivers and scholarships administered by organizations other than state grant agencies.

Salary of chief executive of largest public 4-year campus:
SOURCE: Chronicle reporting
DATE: As indicated in text
NOTE: Institutions were selected on the basis of fall 1999 enrollment, as reported by the U.S. Department of Education.

Total spending on research and development by colleges and universities:
SOURCE: National Science Foundation (http://www.nsf.gov)
DATE: 1999 fiscal year
NOTE: Figures cover spending in science and engineering and exclude spending in such disciplines as the arts, education, and the humanities.

Total federal spending on college- and university-based research and development:
SOURCE: National Science Foundation (http://www.nsf.gov)
DATE: 1999 fiscal year
NOTE: Figures cover federal obligations, which are funds set aside for payments. Institutions do not always receive them in the year in which they were obligated. Figures include only spending for science and engineering projects, and exclude spending in such disciplines as the arts, education, and the humanities.

Largest endowment:
SOURCES: National Association of College and University Business Officers (http://www.nacubo.org); Chronicle reporting
DATE: As of June 30, 2000

Top fund raisers:
SOURCE: Council for Aid to Education (http://www.cae.org)
DATE: 1999-2000
NOTE: Figures are based on a survey of 945 institutions, which together received about 84 percent of all private contributions to colleges and universities. Rankings of institutions may be heavily influenced by the timing of fund drives, unusually large gifts, and other factors.