I've never worked abroad nor have I acquired a significant amount of knowledge about the university structure in Italy. However I am aware that the government stepped in a few years ago and put guidelines in place as an attempt to raise academic standards nationally. From what I understand there was a lot of nepotism, favoritism, and other "isms..." that made it difficult for universities to produce quality research (at least in the eyes of the Italian government). The political structure in the academic institutions lowered the number of faculty that were exceptionally qualified to do research.
What your colleague experienced might be remnants of the system that the Italian government is trying to break up.
I'm should say that I may not be 100% accurate in my observation, it's only what I've gathered from the information that is out there.
As for me, red flags went up upon learning that someone started out as an adjunct and then proceeded to become "tenured." How long was the adjuncting post? Was it for one year? Was it for two years? Did the adjunct person ever don the role of Assistant Professor? This is what one starts as in any TT run institution. It is difficult for me to imagine anyone with so recent an adjunct's past becoming tenured without some "ism" like favoritism to help.
I agree with you, Omarz. I think that exceptional professors are rarely hired if they apply at all to many overseas universities. AUR sounds like a case in point. I suggested to my colleague ever so kindly not to waste any time applying to AUR. Why would anyone with hundreds upon hundreds of pools of applicants?