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‘Moneyball’ Meets Education, Part 2: Colleges Pool Data to Prevent Dropouts

December 14, 2011, 3:57 pm

In the movie Moneyball, the Oakland A’s reinvent themselves by creatively analyzing data to predict player success. That idea is hitting education in a big way, as The Chronicle reported this week, with colleges adopting new tools that mine data to suggest majors and predict students at risk of dropping out. But what if you could perform that kind of predictive analysis based on student information and course records from many colleges, not just one?

That’s the idea behind an ambitious project that is pooling more than 640,000 student records from six different institutions. Led by WCET, a group that promotes technology in higher education, the project aims to answer three main questions. What factors make some students drop out? What keeps others in college? What demographics make a difference?

The project, which got a $1-million Gates Foundation grant in May, could have a range of implications. To pick one example: Among students at risk of failing, one contributing factor seems to be a course load heavier than six credits, says Ellen Wagner, executive director of WCET.

“The implication for students at risk is just simply that we may need to rethink the way we have created academic programs—the declaration of a full-time status—when in fact perhaps that particular status seems to be implicated in students dropping out,” she says.

Colleges participating in the project include the American Public University system, the Colorado Community College system, Rio Salado College, the University of Hawaii system, the University of Illinois at Springfield, and the University of Phoenix.

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  • bclemes1

    In my Humanities 101 class I typically ask students to form groups, each of which will create a Wiki about a topic in civilization from the beginning through the Renaissance.  This semester I am opening up the requirement to include any sort of project; a dialogue between philosophers, the production of a play, the creation of a model. This sort of project works well in my creativity class (HUM 130) and draws some innoivative hands-on projects that astonish me.  My students are engineers and business majors and marine transportation specialists, as well as government policy students, and they become involved in “hands-on” projects about their passions.  As one of my chief goals in the course is student involvement, I am trying this innovation to see the results.  I have rubrics for both the wiki and the new projects, whichever students choose, and they may work alone or with partners or with a larger group.

  • kevingannon

    I’m doing a Wiki this semester, too; I did a mini-wiki in a summer course, and the student collaboration and creativity was impressive. The new version of Blackboard makes it fairly easy to set one up and for students to contribute (as well as for me to keep track of their contributions and archive them).
    I’m also making a real effort to let go of the exhaustive content-coverage model and increase discussion and collaborative learning. I’ve made progress, but I have more to go. My teaching in the survey course (in US history) has been rejuvenated by not teaching it as a massive content dump and moving toward active learning and discussion-based class sessions. For fellow historians, I recommend Lendol Calder’s work on the “uncoverage” model; it has really given me a lot of food for thought.

  • http://twitter.com/DelaneyKirk DelaneyKirk

    I’ve used wikis a couple times in class but students don’t like these on Blackboard (way too slow). So I’m thinking of using Google Docs instead.

  • arrive2__net

    I have experience using predictive statistics to identify students at risk of not passing state assessments and saw how powerful that was.  So, this idea also seems very powerful to me.  Organizations that give grants or other student aid may be able to use this information to structure and encourage student success.  Anytime an enrolled student drops, there is the potential for a lot of waste as the students’ time and resources, and the institutional resources already invested, may go to waste, so interventions enabled by this type of technology certainly have promise, and the effort is definitely worthwhile. 

    Of course in my opinion just because a student drops does not necessarily mean all the education received was wasted.  For example, those with ‘some college’ make more income than high school grads, but I believe most students would be much better off to graduate, and really want to graduate. 

    One limitation on this technology is that predictions are seldom perfect, so there will be students out there who may drop or persist outside of what the model predicts.  I don’t like to see statistical models foreclose a students’ options.  There needs to be room in the system for students to prove what they can do, over and above the statistical predictions. 

    Bart Schuster
    OnlineGraduateSchool.tripod.com
    Twitter.com/arrive2_net

  • annekaliellen

    WCET appears to advocate reducing the courseload of at-risk students to six credits or below.  I find that odd.  A good deal of other research has indicated that reduced course loads, by slowing progress toward completion, actually diminish the likelihood that students will  earn degrees.  In reality, different students are in different circumstances–some may  benefit from dropping back to part time and focusing on fewer classes, but many others lose momentum, suffer from decreased engagement with their studies, and end up dropping out altogether.

    We should be wary of any “solutions” to the college completion problem that propose sweeping changes to educational practice based on partial data from a small and unrepresentative sampling of institutions.

  • austinbarry

    I wonder how complete the student records are which are being analyzed?  If a student is working full time or nearly full time (if arranged by the university this may be recorded, otherwise not), in a variety of extra-curricular activities (which might be reported), or have other time-consuming commitments (which probably wouldn’t be) then this might be a factor.

  • ewagner

    WCET is pleased to support the efforts of our forward-thinking institutional members who have been willing to collaborate on this effort to look for patterns of student success and failure. Analytical technologies, massive data storage, used in conjunction with descriptive, inferential and predictive analytical techniques, offer educators remarkable resources and techniques for exploring issues related to student loss and momentum. We can’t fear the data. We need to use them to get better at helping our students succeed.

  • chemistry_guy

    Don’t think think that what you find odd isn’t relevant when data-driven decisions are being made?  Would WCET make this recommendation without data and evidence in this context?  If so, I’d think they’d be laughed out of the room for obvious inconsistency, not to say hypocrisy.

    I find it odd that over and over again, people bring up their opinions without data right smack in the middle of a discussion about empirical evidence.

  • brianborchers

    I’ve been involved with projects that attempted to build models for predicting 3rd semester retention and 6 year graduation rates for entering freshmen.  An interesting result was that predicting retention was extremely hard- that statistic counts as successes every student who comes back for a third semester even if they’re doing very poorly and counts as failures every student who does not come back for a third semester even if the student stops out for personal or financial reasons or if the student successfully transfers to another institution.  It turned out that for our institution the best predictive model was “everyone will be retained”, since that was right more often than any other model we could construct.  In comparison, 6 year graduation rates seem to be a much more reasonable outcome, although they still miss out on students who successfully transfer to other institutions.  We could actually build useful predictive models of 6 year graduation rates.  Of course, if your goal is to test out new programs, waiting around for 6 years to see an effect on graduation rates is a very long process.  It’s very important in this kind of work to pick the right outcome variables. 

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