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Freedom of Information

January 24, 2006, 10:35 am

A group of academic libraries and corporate partners assembled by the nonprofit Internet Archive is digitizing out-of-copyright books and making them available online at no charge. The project has the backing of Yahoo and Microsoft, and many see it primarily as a response to the controversial book-scanning project led by Google. (The Chronicle, subscription required)

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33 Responses to Freedom of Information

Jenny Reiswig - February 2, 2012 at 2:49 pm

When can we finally stop letting college campuses be little islands of sanctuary for budding criminals and allow actual real law enforcement to handle these cases?  There is clearly an ongoing, widespread, pattern of under and misreporting of sexual crimes at many universities. They have every incentive to continue to hide these crimes from potential future students.  Why do they get to keep doing this?  I can see letting campus police forces continue to handle property crimes. 

moviemaedchen - February 2, 2012 at 4:41 pm

Word on this entire post. Thanks. I read the report as soon as it came out – I’m at Yale now – and was just floored. They can’t even bring themselves to call rape rape: it’s “non-consensual sex” or “coercion.”

Guest - February 2, 2012 at 10:14 pm

Hi, Claire, I’m a Yale alum too (SY ’93) though I opted to get off the Ivy League carousel in the 1990s and become part of America. I went to SUNY Buffalo for my PhD and have been happily among the 99% ever since.

I will throw this out there, having been at Yale and having spent a great deal of time in another institution, the Army, where sexual assault is extremely common especially among men.

I believe Yale’s stats. It isn’t an environment where a lot of rape happens. It just isn’t. I know from being in the Army what an institution feels like, which is susceptible to a lot of rapes. At Yale the students are largely bookish and also squeamish. They don’t have a close connection to visceral physical experience since they haven’t worked hard and they do sports for relaxation and social networking, not for raw competition. Yale is also a place where people are constantly watching each other and this makes it difficult, I would think, for rapists to isolate their prey.

Also, I don’t think universities should be involved in disciplinary proceedings against rapists. The police should handle that. If there is a student who gets readmitted with a criminal record involving sexual assault, then he should be treated on campus the way communities everywhere treat convicted offenders. If he did his time in jail, he paid his debt to society and that should be put behind him.

Here’s a link to a post about the Pentagon report, which didn’t get almost any coverage, revealing that 19,000 sexual assaults occur in the military each year:

http://criticalnewsscan.blogspot.com/2012/01/pentagon-suddenly-takes-sexual-assault.html

It is too bad I haven’t seen anyone addressing the Pentagon report with the same vigilance I see in this column about Yale. The problem of rape in the military is much more pronounced and unfortunately gay groups pushing for the repeal of DADT were systematic about covering up the widespread amount of gay-on-gay rape in the military, because they were worried about such information looking bad for the DADT repeal. I am still mad about the whole thing.

jliedl - February 2, 2012 at 10:43 pm

The number of cases brought forward to authorities has nothing to do with the number of cases of sexual harassment, assault or anything else we might lump under the label of ‘misconduct’. That’s where the category error is in all of this reporting. We know that rapes are under-reported. We know that all sorts of sexual harassment gets swept under the carpet, whether the victim is simply reluctant to report or whether mixed signals from authorities act as a barrier to reporting.

I was assaulted by another student during my university years and I never reported it because I knew a complaint would not only come to nothing but the frustratingly inadequate process would also drain me in so many ways. I bet that a lot of students today still feel the same way. Since then, I have helped and supported others who’ve reported assaults to me and seen them get some sort of justice if they’ve been at all interested in pursuing such a case. What our society and our institutions provide are hardly up to the task, however.

physioprof - February 2, 2012 at 11:00 pm

I am flabbergasted that Yale obtains evidence of crimes committed by its students, staff, or faculty and apparently doesn’t report them to the local prosecutors.

mbelvadi - February 3, 2012 at 8:04 am

This is a fascinating article, on an important subject. It’s too bad that no one bothered to proofread it because the rampant typos and grammar errors really made it difficult to read smoothly. I expect better from CHE.

physioprof - February 3, 2012 at 8:35 am

AHAHAHAHAHAHAH!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

JackDanielsBlack - February 3, 2012 at 9:06 am

Why are college disciplinary committees hearing rape cases?  Shouldn’t these cases be turned over immediately to the local police for investigation and criminal prosecution?  Isn’t leaving it up to the colleges a bit like leaving it up to the bishops to investigate alleged pedophilia?  In the interest of fairness to both the accuser and the accused, I believe that all college rape allegations that are brought to the attention of college administrators should be immediately turned over to the local law-enforcement authorities for investigation and possible prosecution.  College rapists shouldn’t just be expelled; they should go to prison.  (This applies to faculty members who rape students as well.)

urbanexile - February 3, 2012 at 10:02 am

Great piece. I don’t believe them either.  DKE frat still partying, huh? That’s breaking news and I hope someone picks it up.  Misogyny is a huge problem in this country and it seems that in this Republic primary season, the misogynist atmosphere is really heating up. And I echo JackDanielsBlack’s comment: Why in heaven’s name are colleges adjudicating rape cases?

collegeskeptic - February 3, 2012 at 11:34 am

The frat wasn’t banned – it was prohibited from holding events on campus or recruiting new members for five years.  http://thefire.org/article/13192.html  Assuming the frat owns its own house, nothing in Yale’s sanctions prevents the current brothers from living together or holding parties.

But of course, as with any article tagged “The Patriarchy,” why should details like facts or the truth matter?  You have your agenda, you know you’re right, and to hell with anything like the rights of innocent people or the falsely accused that might stand in your way.

collegeskeptic - February 3, 2012 at 11:36 am

In some cases, those labels mean something.  You could never have an actionable prosecution for “coercion” in a court of law, because the standard (sex procured from so-called “unreasonable pressure”) is void for vagueness.  Yale, of course, can enforce such standards against its students – meaning that when it says “coercion,” it might in fact mean something different than rape.  

tenured_radical - February 3, 2012 at 11:52 am

No, what you describe was information that was not available: one can’t troll the internet forever and still get anything else done, you know. In fact, my sources (the Yale Daily News and Yale’s own public relations office) said that it was banned, which sounds like a far more stringent punishment than you just described, and which would include closing the house.  This, I think speaks to some of the issues I raise in the post: the university pretends that it is acting and then does not.

Try not to be so hysterical — you could easily have reached the conclusion I just did all by yourself.  And by the way?  We who actually live in New Haven do not appreciate the kinds of party trash that are typical of undergraduate living spaces where privileged kids clearly think someone else will come along to pick up.

Oh — and another by the way? These confidential college coverups disadvantage men, both as accusers and accused. The Yale QB — whether he did or did not sexually assault a woman — has had this accusation put out in public anyway in a way that cannot be convincingly refuted.

tenured_radical - February 3, 2012 at 11:55 am

That’s actually not true:  coercion can be a crime, depending on the circumstances, and it can count as rape.  For example, telling someone that s/he will not be allowed to leave until they submit to sex is coercion; as is telling them that if they don’t perform a sex act you will put it on Facebook that they did.

max_stirner - February 3, 2012 at 12:04 pm

Interesting article.  I guess things are different in the rarified atmosphere of the elitist eastern academy.  Here at my ordinary, “working class” university in the west, investigations conducted through the Gender Resource Center found that when allegations of rape were transferred from campus security to the city police, 80% of complaints were withdrawn because they were fictitious and filed solely to accomplish a punitive purpose.  But of course, that’s just us retrograde, sexists louts out here in mountains.

tenured_radical - February 3, 2012 at 12:33 pm

“because they were fictitious and filed solely to accomplish a punitive purpose.”

Can you document that? I mean seriously, is that a fact or the conclusion you have come to on your own?  Becuase certainly at the “elitist eastern” university I used to work at many cases could not be prosecuted because evidence had been destroyed, the victim was unconscious at the time of the attack, there were no third party witnesses and/or s/he waited too long to come forward.

I continue to be fascinated by the number of men who read this publication who simply do not believe that rape happens, and are enraged when someone like myself (and the DOJ) asserts that it does.  But perhaps that’s not strange, given the number of faculty, TA’s and administrators at Yale who are disciplined for sexual misconduct and harassment — you would think that would be more than obvious and I guess it isn’t.

rhancuff - February 3, 2012 at 2:36 pm

 Looks like collegeskeptic has his own agenda.  You should try to substantiate charges that the author is ignoring “the rights of innocent people or the falsely accused.” The article seems to be a bit more about Yale’s apparent ignoring of sexual assault as a crime as opposed to bad manners.

daytripper - February 3, 2012 at 3:01 pm

I will never forget some very chilling and disturbing statistics presented by the local newspaper about the university in the mid-west with which I was affiliated at the time (about 18 years ago). City-wide (not just university) statistics indicated that  fraternity members alone accounted for approximately 65% of the sexual assaults in the town (not just on campus), specifically accounting for slightly over 85% of the date rapes and over 90% of the gang rapes reported.  These data did not include harassment or other categories of sexual assault, just forcible rape.

This was at a very Greek university in a highly “university town.”  As compelling as it may be to do so,  I am reluctant to join the ranks of those who dissect such data to the point of near irrelevance in explaining such outcomes in their misguided attempt to avoid painting any group or groups in an unfavorable light. The issue of sexual assault is often far too widely circumvented, ignored, marginalized, or redirected. The data are what the data are at both the global and the granular level. 

A talented social scientist could run a few multiple regressions on such data and identify mitigating variables to dim the glaring light on these organizations, but with sincere apologies to decent, ethical fraternity members everywhere, both past and present, so very many of these organizations preach a culture of misogyny, entitlement, testosterone-driven excess and brotherhood in secrecy, that it cannot be so easily dismissed.

Socratease2 - February 3, 2012 at 5:00 pm

I don’t understand, if these assualts (and what bell curve of incidents, from the minor to very serious, does this include?) happened and the evidence exists that they happened, then why is this being dealt with at the student affairs level. Isn’t this more serious than being caught smoking weed in your dorm room? Why aren’t the police involved for assault and battery? Why aren’t these women pressing charges? I understand the university needs to have a code to live by but isn’t it difficult to legally suspend or kick someone out of school if there are no actual charges? Sexual relations are a legal minefield and, like it or not, the law protects both ways and if Yale would be subject to lawsuits from families of these “perps” then maybe they err on side of inaction. Guess I coud read all the links and learn more but universities are in a tough position when it comes to adjucating student behavior. I realize people would like everything to be black and white, guilty or innocent, and sometimes that is true and sometimes not. Hence, justice is blind (but not in a good way).

Socratease2 - February 3, 2012 at 5:15 pm

Maybe those stats are correct but I have serious doubts about your evidence. Just because a newspaper reports something doesn’t mean it is true. And these numbers border on the ridiculous, first of all “responsible for 85% of date rapes?” How is “date rape” defined by the newspaper? These were self reports from women to authorities that they were date raped not simply raped ( I don’t mean that in minimizing way)? How is that determined? And frat members were responsible for 90% of gang rapes, yeah, ok, sure. That characterization  of fraternity members is so over-the-top stereotypical, I need to see the reference for this. Can you provide it? You seem to remember the numbers pretty clearly. I pray you aren’t daytripping on this but we shall see. I am sure even those Duke Lacrosse players who were exonerated after the witch hunt they were subjected to, are still responsible for 90% of Duke gangbangs. Lord.

oneadministrator - February 3, 2012 at 5:25 pm

In claiming that you do not believe Yale, I fear that you do not consider the limitations faced by college administrators.  For one thing, they cannot act on cases that they are not aware of.  This report highlights 29 cases reported to the committee since the summer.  No doubt other assaults and incidents have occurred… but if they have not been reported to anyone, it would be hard for Yale to include them in the report or act on them.

For another, please consider this example listed in your article:
“A Yale College student sought resolution of an informal complaint alleging that a male Yale College student had nonconsensual sex with her. The Chair of the UWC held a meeting with the respondent and an administrator of the College, counseled the respondent on appropriate conduct, and imposed restrictions on contact between the parties.”

I agree that the sanction in this case hardly seems to fit the crime.  But please note that the student brought in ‘informal’ complaint.  Students have the option of filing formal charges, which can result in a hearing and sanctions, including suspension or expulsion.  But in an informal complaint, a student essentially says that they want to report something, but do not want a hearing or the full range of sanctions.  There are a host of reasons, whether you agree with them or not, why a student might not want to see someone expelled, or might not want to go through a hearing process.  Rather than having them remain silent, the informal complaint is a way to increase the number of students that come forward (without which the administration can’t take any action at all), and to make sure that steps are taken to ensure the well-being and safety of the victim.

As to those who wonder why the police are not involved, I would encourage any victim of a
sexual assault to contact the police.  But given the difficulty of getting convictions in a university hearing, where there is a lower bar for a finding of guilt, one can understand why more students do not pursue a legal solution.  Some of the cases in this report would not rise to the level of an offense that the police could act on.  Some do.  But if college administrators took responsibility for reporting everything to the police, wouldn’t it result in fewer victims stepping up to report the crime? I would like to see the police involved more often, but I think it is the victim who needs to make the decision to involve the police.  We have a hard enough time getting students to file even an informal complaint.   

Rape is a terrible crime that can shatter lives.  It should not be tolerated, on or off campus.  More people should report what they know.  If more people reported more information, it would be easier for administrators to kick these cretins out.

tenured_radical - February 3, 2012 at 6:25 pm

I have actually sat on some of these committees, and while I understand you are sincere, what you are saying comes out of a world view that puts the interests if the university first.  I think administrators create the world they want around this, and that some of you truly do not understand this: women don’t come forward because there is nothing that actually encourages them to do so, particularly these dumb hearings.  Why do people file “informal” complaints or ask for mediation?  Because being raped is horrible, and they want it to be over with as quickly as possible. Because sitting in the same room with the guy who raped you who claims nothing happened is crazy-making.  Only later do many of them want more than that, and it’s too late.

What I think is telling is how few readers have commented on the last part of the post:  that universities do very little to prevent rape because they don;t want to acknowledge its prevalence.  Wen asked to do more, they point to the fraction of rapes that were reported and ask what the need is.

BTW, dozens of women have written me since this post went up (some at Yale) to say that they were raped in college and were too ashamed and depressed to go through a hearing where they were clear the rapist would not be held accountable in any meaningful way.

JackDanielsBlack - February 3, 2012 at 7:43 pm

Seems to me that when a woman comes forward to a university administrator with a rape accusation, the university should have professionals on hand to counsel, comfort, and encourage her to press charges.  Rape is too serious of an offense to be left to university hearings to resolve and expulsion is not sufficient punishment for rape.  Nor is the university equipped to give a fair hearing and dispense justice for criminal offenses — that is why we have the legal system.  Finally, only if formal legal charges are brought can true justice be served and perpetrators be prevented from raping others.  I know that in some cases the victim will not prevail and justice will not be served — but by bringing legal charges the victim at least puts in the public record that a charge has been brought against the perpetrator — in some cases, this will be enough to keep the perpetrator from offending again — knowing that the next time someone accuses him a previous accusation will already be on the record.   Yes, it is hard for the victim to press charges, but how else is the perpetrator to be held truly accountable?

henry_adams - February 4, 2012 at 12:25 pm

Of course colleges and universities should hand these cases directly to the
police, but of course they don’t because it would be bad for PR.  Reporting rape
and other crime statistics accurately would be bad for PR (and recruiting), so
it doesn’t happen.  Maintaining good PR is more important to
an institution than anything legal or moral.

Henry Adams

maricueta - February 4, 2012 at 4:33 pm

Why don’t women who are raped go directly to the police?  What are the consequesnces for them, at their school and in the locality of the college?  Recently, there were 2 cases (in the media) of reported rapes at Noter Dame where one studnet killed herself (yes there was probably more going on, as in suicides).  What is really disturbing is that a crime in NOT a crime, when it occurs at an institution of higher-learning????

tenured_radical - February 4, 2012 at 5:33 pm

Often they do not go to the police because they are encouraged by campus authorities not to do so, but that isn’t always true.   Sometimes when intoxicants are involved, they aren’t sure what happened until much later; sometimes, as in olden days, they blame themselves. Sometimes they are intimidated by peers from reporting rapes because “So-and-so” is “such a nice guy. Are you sure?”  Sometimes they are urged to embrace their status as victims and do nothing if that’s what they want at the time — not unusual to want to do nothing when you are traumatized. Campus authorities present their procedures as “best” and least likely to “re-traumatize the victim.”

A bigger problem from my perspective is the category “sexual misconduct” that has been invented by colleges and universities so that people who are raped are sometimes not clear that what has happened really is a crime. I have heard university officials articulate a range of harms that are actually felonies and misdemeanors as “not crimes” but punishable as “sexual misconduct” by the universities.

In short, students are lied to about rape and what they ought to do about it.

skmarie17 - February 6, 2012 at 10:47 am

 So is promising someone you will marry them.

skmarie17 - February 6, 2012 at 10:47 am

 So is promising someone you will marry them.

jimislew - February 6, 2012 at 12:03 pm

Rapists can get fed, slowly, into a wood chipper. 

The handling of sexual assault / rape / misconduct / etc. cases by a college or university board  is not an “alternative” or a replacement for law enforcement.It can allow the “perpetrator” of the “crime” to be held accountable to the university’s standard when a criminal court would find them innocent. It can also allow the victim to get counseling, to help them report the incident to police if they want, and to force the separation between the “parties” involved (when no criminal court would). Why are universities involved? Because sometimes there is no one else.  

In some states you are obligated to report a crime to the police (usually if they are a minor) but in others the best you can do is listen to the victim, council them, and try to lead them to report the incident; sometimes they don’t. 

jimislew - February 6, 2012 at 12:03 pm

Rapists can get fed, slowly, into a wood chipper. 

The handling of sexual assault / rape / misconduct / etc. cases by a college or university board  is not an “alternative” or a replacement for law enforcement.It can allow the “perpetrator” of the “crime” to be held accountable to the university’s standard when a criminal court would find them innocent. It can also allow the victim to get counseling, to help them report the incident to police if they want, and to force the separation between the “parties” involved (when no criminal court would). Why are universities involved? Because sometimes there is no one else.  

In some states you are obligated to report a crime to the police (usually if they are a minor) but in others the best you can do is listen to the victim, council them, and try to lead them to report the incident; sometimes they don’t. 

DarwinWeeps - February 6, 2012 at 2:53 pm

Sadly, complainants are often reluctant to refer cases for criminal prosecution, and often stop with the college disciplinary proceeding. Indeed, many are even reluctant to pursue formal charges with the college, as others commenting on under-reporting have noted. And of course it’s not either-or. Most (all) colleges have formal policies against harassment, violence, etc. and rapists should be held to account for those violations AS WELL AS face criminal proceedings.

EGGS - February 6, 2012 at 5:43 pm

http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/jurisprudence/2009/10/how_often_do_women_falsely_cry_rape.single.html

Does anyone have a better article on the difficulties of providing accurate statistics for the frequency of false rape allegations? 

Thanks- Evan

JackDanielsBlack - February 6, 2012 at 7:32 pm

“As well as” is fine; “instead of” not so much.

minhavoz - April 11, 2012 at 7:34 pm

I’m currently a student at an Ivy League school who has experienced sexual assault from a former partner/student at my college. Only after a year was I willing to come forward with the information. Throughout the process of the disciplinary hearing (which included a committee of peer students and faculty), I was constantly told that the chances of “winning” my case were slim to none. I was told by deans and counselors that my best bet would be to come to some kind of non-legally binding arrangement with my attacker that would neither penalize him nor hold him responsible for his actions. No matter what he did, I knew that through a school disciplinary hearing, the worst thing that would happen to him would be suspension for a period of time. That was my best case scenario.

I eventually did get the “best case scenario”: he was suspended for the duration of my time at the school (one year), was/is not allowed on campus, the outcome of the hearing was put on his permanent record, he is not allowed to contact me, and he was advised to take counseling. What seemed like a small bit of justice had occurred but unfortunately, a large portion of his sentence was overturned and the incidences removed from his record so that he could transfer to another school. If he didn’t have a long history of physical violence against women, I would be less concerned, but I know that the lesson that needed to be learned was not. 

But why was he able to get away? A few reasons. 1. I did not file a criminal suit against him because I had neither the financial nor emotional reserves to handle such an endeavor. 2. No one believes women when they say they have been assaulted, especially if it is by a partner. And 3. His family could buy him out of any trouble he may find himself in and that is the underlying problem in the way sexual assault cases are handled on the university level, especially in Ivy League colleges. The college’s driving desire to protect its students has become twisted and takes a backseat to the necessity to not upset, offend, or vilify (even rightly so) the children of the powerful Elite. Covering up rape protects endowments, the reputations of abusers and universities, and the only person left unprotected is the victim.

Universities need to realize that protecting that one victim is enough.