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Harvard Faces New Scrutiny Over Alleged Bias Against Asian-American Applicants

February 2, 2012, 10:59 am

The Education Department’s Office for Civil Rights is investigating a discrimination complaint against Harvard University filed by an Asian-American applicant rejected for admission to the current freshman class, Bloomberg News reports. The civil-rights office similarly examined Harvard for alleged bias against Asian-Americans in the late 1980s. Although that investigation concluded that Harvard admitted Asian-Americans at a lower rate than white applicants with similar qualifications, the office attributed its finding not to illegal discrimination, but to Asian-Americans’ underrepresentation in two pools of applicants that Harvard legally gave preferential treatment: recruited athletes and the children of alumni. Since 2006, the civil-rights office has been investigating Princeton University based on a similar complaint filed by an Asian-American student who alleged discrimination after being denied admission there.

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  • davi2665

    This issue is significant at many universities, such as UC Irvine.  If applicants were selected on the basis of merit, in a process that did not reveal something about cultural origins or “diversity”, even through names, it is highly likely that there would be huge increases in the percentage of Asian students in the class.  This is a logical consequence of preferential admissions processes trying to microengineer social “equality” in order to meet the political correctness expected by the academic community.

  • rogue_academic

    Tough conundrum. Many Asian Americans excel at test taking, but that does not necessarily indicate high levels of creativity as admission officers at Harvard and Princeton very well know. Now famous “Tiger Mom” surely knows how to drill her kids to be exemplary students but will those kids become the fountains of ideas? Probably some will, but not to an extent the test scores predict. This is most simply illustrated by Tiger Mom’s confession that in a law school her own motivation was always to memorize what professors taught her and never to question their ideas.

    Kudat: your argument actually supports my point. “Asian ways of learning” are excellent if all you need is to solve routine problems. But show me great technological innovations or scientific breakthroughs that come from Asia (minus Japan). There just aren’t many.

  • kudat

    Dear rogue_academic: You are giving a standard response like so many others in higher education in the West. It is an easy way (also a lazy way perhaps) of discussing an important issue such as this. To succeed academically, one needs multiple learning styles. It is not one or the other. More importantly, things have changed in the last decade. Please explain to me: if the Asian ways of learning is so BAD, how do you account for the current economic turmoil in the West  while it is the opposite in Asia?

  • 12052592

    Maybe the interview process reveals they have no original ideas or interests.  Fear not, there is always the University of California system for exceptionally paper smart applicants.

  • 11191774

    The long-standing sticking point in this issue (less so at private universities than at publics) is the presumption that “Qualification for admission” is a simple calculation of GPA and test scores.  In fact, any researcher worth her salt knows that the standardized tests predict almost nothing of importance, other than explaining some variance in first-year grades.

    As long as we allow plaintiffs to cling to this feeble definition of merit, we’ll have many more of these issues to grapple with in the future.

  • kudat

    Let us leave the history aside for a moment e.g. who invented gun powder etc. Admittedly, there aren’t many Nobel prize winners in Asia. But Asia will leap-frog in the near future for a very simple reason: they are able to combine East and West in knowledge creation. 

  • Socratease2

    I don’t think you are trying to raise stereotyping to a new level, but your analysis borders on racism. Actually, I take that back, it is clearly racist even if you don’t intend to push that agenda. Are you trying to tell me that you have data that shows Asian-Americans lack “high levels of creativity.” How do admissions officers know this? How do you know that? And, on average, every white kid you run into has this special creativity gene? Every Asian-American kid has a tiger mom? Really? Lumping the huge variety of different nationalities and ethicities into the one label “Asian-American” is insulting and meaningless as a tool to categorize cognitive ability and creativity. Is your argument based on the experience of one woman? You are really reaching, aren’t you? Plus, are you talking about the US or Asia? Apparently you see no cultural differences between actual Asians and Asian Americans, just like there are no differences between Italian-Americans and actual Italians. Lord. What do you know of “Asian ways of learning” anyway?  Sorry, you don’t get to take Japan out of the mix to prove your point, the Japanese are East Asian and so you just disproved your own argument. Good job. Finally, you are clearly ignorant of many, many technological advancements that came out of Asia. Let’s see, the Chinese were practicing metallurgy and casting bronze thousands of years ago, they invented gunpwder, currency, moveable type for priniting, gigantic ocean vessels that travelled to Africa and beyond before any Europeans and the list keeps going. I would educate yourself a bit more before you decide white is right

  • old nassau’67

    An observation and a couple questions.
    1. Observation: Very innocuous to mention preference for Athletes and Alum offspring. How about for African-Americans? “In a race-neutral competition for the approximately 50,000 places for
    first-year students at the nation’s 25 top-ranked universities,
    high-scoring blacks would be buried by a huge mountain of high-scoring
    non-black students. Today, under prevailing affirmative action
    admissions policies, there are about 3,000 black first-year students
    matriculating at these 25 high-ranking universities, about 6 percent of
    all first-year students at these institutions. But if these schools
    operated under a strict race-neutral admissions policy where SAT scores
    were the most important qualifying yardstick, these universities could
    fill their freshman classes almost exclusively with students who score
    at the very top of the SAT scoring scale. As shown previously, black
    students make up at best between 1 and 2 percent of these high-scoring
    groups.” (http://www.jbhe.com/features/49_college_admissions-test.html).
    2. Question: How do these colleges know the race or ethnicity of their applicants? If self-described, how do the colleges verify?
    3. Question: Any data on the academic performance of same SAT/GPA score Asians/Whites/Blacks/Hispanics/Female/Male/Jewish/Amish/Mormon (if students can be so neatly categorized)?

  • rogue_academic

    You could demolish my arguments and call me a racist while feeling good and noble by following the prescribed thinking of the moment as much as you like, but if you want to understand what admissions people are up to you might consider cutting back on indignation. People in admissions are not always researchers on cognitive abilities and racial studies. Many of them are teachers and researchers in their own fields who have plenty of opportunities to compare test scores at admissions with subsequent performance in classes. They often rely on their own experiences. If you accepted quite a few graduate students with almost perfect GRE subject scores who could not ask a meaningful question during a class discussion because they do not understand a thing, or those with top 5% TOEFL scores who could not tell the difference between past tense and present tense, you are not going to ignore your experience on the basis that applicants’ ancestors invented gunpowder or practiced metallurgy thousands of years ago. If you say they are racists, go after them, straighten them up, scold them right and sit back and enjoy the outcome.

  • lchaim

    Three cheers for Socratesase2!  I suggest that envy is the driving force for the remarks about “creativity”. 
     

  • labronx

    Two candidates for admission:

    Candidate 1: speaks two languages, plays a musical instrument, diverse courses, GPA of 3.65432

    Candidate 2: speaks two languages, plays a musical instrument, diverse courses, GPA of 3.65433

    Is this what we are coming to?

    I have never understood the arguments about preferential admission since they all seem based on ranking students who are fundamentally of equal rank.

    In my opinion, once the GPA is above a certain cutoff, say, 3.5 or so, we must realize the students are of equal ranking.  And short of any other substantial criteria, the school should have the right to socially engineer its student body.  The admissions should be based on a racial criteria that matches society, a desire to bring more African Americans into the fold, a desire for more women in engineering or men in nursing and education.  Nothing wrong with that at all.

  • carolslin

    The statements that “Asians are this…”, “Asians are that…” are themselves racist.  There is much diversity among Asians.  The issue here is whether a person is treated differently because of his race.  It is not about whether this person is more or less qualified.

  • Socratease2

    I don’t feel good and noble, I feel annoyed. I am interested to learn more of this research you speak of. There is data available from admissions (what schools?) that tracks SAT/GRE scores and then compares those scores to how students actually perform in classes? And not only that, the research compares results by race?  On a longitudinal basis? That is a very expensive enterprise for a higher education system in turmoil and I would like a reference to establish that is true. You say there are “plenty of opportunities” for this research so it must exist or are you saying it could exist but you don’t know? Personally, at the graduate level, I do not believe any such research is being done. For what purpose? You need to end your hypotheticals (IF you accepted students….and IF they could not ask a meaningful question), what use are they. Anyway, IF pigs could fly then I will reconsider your arguments. I did demolish your argument so no conditional verbs needed. Race is a socially-derived category not a natural or biological one, so any efforts to show race as a causal agent are doomed to failure in this regard. Do universities also take care to separate scores by ethnicity (chinese v Thai v indonesian, etc.)? Do you include South Asia (India, pakistan, etc) as Asian or are they not “Asian” enough to have a tiger mom? Believe me, students in the top 5% of TOEFL scores likely understand English grammar better than you. Anyway, I don’t understand your last sentence, who am I supposed to go after and why? Who is “they?”  You are the only one who needs to straighten up. Have you ever been to Asia? I lived in Japan for 5 years and traveled widely in East, and South East Asia. Yes, there are cultural, national and historical differences in educational systems, they reflect the values, norms and beliefs of the people who live there. That doesn’t mean you can separate them into creative versus non-creative societies. You haven’t even defined or operationalized what creativitry means or how it is measured so I would just recommend you sit back and think of a new topic to explore.

  • simonj55

    To rogue_academic: But the results of test scores are in most cases precisely what critics of affirmative action marshall to defend “color-blind” college admissions. It just so happenes that the people that affirmative action was originally intended to benefit tend not to perform as well as white students on those tests. I am not Asian, but I am quite sure, moreover, that if the tests aimed at testing original thinking, Asian students would prove as adequate to the task as any other people, even granting that you find some of the most inventive, reckless minds among people of European descent.

  • pianiste

    1. Admitting one student over another on the basis of some (the charitable term:) intangible or (the antiseptic term:) affirmative action, or, (the uncharitable term:) racial preference is usually not a matter of choosing on the basis of a hundred-thousandth difference in GPA.

    2. A 3.5GPA from a one-room schoolhouse or a high school in an upper-middle class suburb full of grade-grubbers and parents with hair-triggers for lawsuits, is not the same as a 3.5GPA from a different kind of school. There are schools that permit grades of “A+” with a point value of a little more than four, and there are schools that indicate “weighted” GPAs, with some courses counting more than other.

    3. Students in the applicant pool are usually not of “fundamentally equal rank.” Some are pretty far above the median, and applying to that particular school as a “safety school”; others are saying to themselves, “Oh, what the hell, go for it,” and overreaching.

    4. If students in the applicant pool, on the other hand, are of “fundamentally equal rank,” then the only fair way to choose among them would be by chance, i.e., a lottery. The school’s “desire to bring more…” whomevers into whatevers is too subjective. It could want to bring more children of rich people in, with the endowment down the line in mind; it could want to bring more white kids into nursing, so it doesn’t look so much like an occupation for minorities; it could want fewer Asians so as not to scare off white kids from STEM fields; it could want more hockey players from Canada to beef up its small-division championship chances; it could want more kids from Korea and Qatar who require no financial aid, and so on. In short, we can’t assume a school’s subjective “desire for…” is noble.

  • mbelvadi

    It’s fascinating to consider the possibility that the best legal friend the African American community could have is the Asian American community.  The same racist white people who oppose affirmative action would be horrified to find their favorite schools overrun with Asians if the racists ever really did win what they seem to be fighting in the courts for – true absolute color-blindness in admissions.  Situations like this article describes will force the white-dominated courts to re-affirm that race-conscious criteria are legitimate, just to protect the white students from the Asians (not that they’ll put that motivation in writing). So that huge pool of exceptionally talented Asian Americans is a bulwark protecting the continuation of race-conscious admissions policies which African Americans then benefit from as well as white Americans.

    (Note: I am not saying all who oppose Aff Action are racist, just some, and I’m using African Americans as shorthand for all underrepresented minorites).

  • pianiste

    On the other hand, it’s possible that the worst enemy proponents of affirmative action could have is the Asian-American community. A minority with its own history of being discriminated against, it succeeds in college admissions at a rate better than whites without needing any AA. So when proponents of AA maintain that the rate of white admissions needs to be curtailed in favor of blacks, they also have to favor cutting back on the admission of Asian-Americans, a minority.

    “That huge pool of exceptionally talented* Asian Americans is a bulwark protecting the continuation of race-conscious admission policies…”

    That pool is anything but. “Race-conscious admission policies” discriminate against this pool of minority students more than it does white students, and most AA proponents don’t like this being spotlighted.

    *By the way, what does “exceptionally talented Asian Americans” mean? That Asian-American students are inherently more talented (“exceptionally” does mean more talented than other people, doesn’t it?), more talented by dint of circumstance, or do they work harder?   

    Mbelvadi, in whose mouth butter does not apparently melt, can say with a straight–albeit patronizing–face, “I am not saying all who oppose Aff Action are racist, just some.” And this almost immediately after saying, “…if the racists ever really did win what they seem to be fighting in the courts for – true absolute color-blindness in admissions.” Color-blindness (i.e., no racial preferences) is the core of being opposed to AA, so mbelvadi must think that pretty nearly all–not just that euphemistic “some”–opponents of AA are racists.

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