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Breaking Out of Grading Jail

November 4, 2010, 8:00 am

El MorroOh, Karma.  Anyone who follows me on Twitter or Facebook saw me make that comment last week, and it was in response to my post here on ProfHacker a few weeks ago asking why people sometimes refer to grading as “grading jail.”  In it, I questioned why some people look at grading so negatively.  Even though I called my view self-righteous, Karma had a little fun with me.  Since that post, I have been swamped with more grading than I have ever had in my life.

It makes sense, though, because I have been teaching two classes per semester for years because of an administrative course release.  This semester, I returned to teaching a full three courses per semester, and I added a fourth course into the mix by teaching an online course as part of our program for adults returning to college.  They are all writing-intensive courses, and I have at least one set of essays due each Friday.  Combine that with the fact that I was hit with bronchitis soon after the first round of grading began, and you can understand why I feel grading has taken over my life.

Still, I have enjoyed some of the time I have spent grading.  As long as I haven’t felt rushed, I see that time as productive.  This may also be because I allow students the option of revising any of their early assignments, so I do feel like my comments will be taken seriously by many if not all.  In the comments to my original post, timing seemed to be the biggest issue mentioned, and that’s perfectly logical.  Good grading takes time.  We can talk about tricks and reduce minutes here and there, but it takes time pure and simple.  The amount of time it takes to grade can feel even more frustrating when, as more than one person put it, we feel like we’re spending more time grading a project than the student spent producing it (I had a couple of cases of that this morning before sitting down to write this post).

Since writing that post, I have encountered more and more talk about grading.  ProfHacker Natalie posted a great roundup of the various pieces of grading advice we have offered since ProfHacker’s inception.  Several people on Twitter and Facebook linked to Dr. B’s thoughts on “The Five Stages of Grading,” which Jeff Rice followed up on in a discussion of “cliches like the burden of grading.”  He followed up on that post with another one extending his thoughts.  Steve Krause offered his own thoughts on effective and ineffective grading practices (his post is a personal favorite of mine, I’ll admit).  Talk about grading is not going away.

I intended for my original post on grading jail and this one to be part of a more philosophical or theoretical discussion of the attitudes we bring toward the grading process because I think those attitudes shape how we grade, so we should acknowledge them.  I never expected to find consensus, which is good since consensus can’t exist.  If it did, we would not talk about it so much.  Still, that does not mean this talk is not worth having.  The more I think about grading, the better I think I get at it.  Or perhaps it’s more accurate to say the better I feel about it.

The one specific thought I want to add to the discussion at this point has to do with the idea that grading is an arbitrary practice.  To paraphrase what some have said to me, it is common for all of us inside and outside of the academy to respond to writing, but the act of grading is disconnected to what happens to writing outside of the classroom.  I have to disagree.  As I thought about that point, I thought about the number of times a day I “grade” writing.  I think of the committee I’m on where we ranked grant proposals using a rubric where we gave each proposal up to five points in four categories.  At the meeting, we added up the points and saw who was on top, who was on the bottom, and made our decision from there.  I think of another committee I’m on where we evaluate scholarship applications and place them initially into three categories: fund, maybe fund, do not fund.  Finally, there is our own writing that we send to peer-reviewed journals and the grading practice that puts our work into categories of accept, conditionally accept, revise and resubmit, and reject.  All of these labels correspond to grades in my eyes.  I know graduates of our professional writing program who engage in similar activities on the job when they categorize proposals, applications, and other forms of writing.  This is why I don’t think of grading as supercilious.  Perhaps others disagree?

What are your thoughts currently on this issue?  Is grading a burden?  Is it an opportunity to interact with students in productive ways?  Is it just one more thing that has to get done in the day?  The answer to each of these questions is yes, but let us know in the comments where your head is right now.  Look at it this way, leaving a comment is a useful way of procrastinating.  In fact, maybe you should let us know if you’re reading this post or ProfHacker in general just to get away from the virtual or literal stack of grading.  I doubt you will be alone.

[Creative Commons licensed photo by Flickruser nhighberg]

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10 Responses to Breaking Out of Grading Jail

edwardoneill - November 4, 2010 at 10:54 am

I’ve noticed that professors usually talk about “grading”–whereas administrators and instructional technologists & designers tend to talk about “assessment.”

The term “assessment” gets at some things “grading” doesn’t. “Grading” sounds like assigning a score, making a (final) judgment about the value, merit or quality.

It can be very helpful, however, to think of grading as “feedback.” Educational theory uses the term “assessment” in two flavors, formative and summative, and “feedback” falls under the formative heading.

Professor Highberg is right, in my opinion, to point to rubrics used in administrative processes as a model for grading. And if the implication is “use a clear rubric,” I agree.

My own advice is:

1. Think of yourself as giving feedback.
2. Think of yourself as having a discussion of key course issues.
3. Prioritize: address the biggest problems with the assignments first.
4. Make your advice actionable: give clear next steps.

This doesn’t get instructors out of grading–just out of feeling like it’s “hell.”

–Edward R. O’Neill, Ph.D.
twitter: @learningtech
http://managinglearningtechnology.blogspot.com/

blkyburz - November 4, 2010 at 11:12 am

a full load is “3″? nice. mine is 4 after being rotated out of my WPA role that had me at 2/2. 3 is rough. 4 just isn’t right. aiyeee! good luck w/ finding a new metaphor. keep us posted :)

luisc - November 4, 2010 at 11:29 am

I agree with Dr. O’Neill. The primary purpose of ‘grading’ or ‘assessment’ is to provide the student with clear and actionable feedback, so they can address the areas that need improvement. I also agree with the author on the value of an iterative writing process- letting students revise and correct their work allows the student to reinforce concepts they may not otherwise get to revisit on another assignment. The main issues with grading seem to arise with the time commitment and sheer volume involved in the process. Giving solid, actionable feedback can be a challenge.

While software exists to help remove some of this ‘grading burden’, I’m curious: How do Profhacker readers deal with the time and labor commitment involved in providing quality feedback? Does the process of grading limit the number/types of assignments you can give?

Luis C
The SAGrader Team
https://www.SAGrader.com/
twitter: @SAGrader

delaneykirk - November 4, 2010 at 12:34 pm

I find the thought of grading is many times worse than the grading itself. In fact, when I start reading the students’ papers, I find them interesting. It helps to allocate time for grading when putting together your syllabi. In other words, spread out the grading load between the various classes by not giving all your exams on the same day or even same week. I also try to start grading exams the same day that I give the exam rather than putting it off several days and dreading starting the process.

frankschmidt - November 4, 2010 at 4:11 pm

I teach upper-division science to 90+ students. All 4 exams are short-answer/problem-solving, and I grade them myself. At the end of the hour, I give them a clean copy of the exam which they can do open-book for half of what they missed on the hour exam.

It’s pretty clear that the imagination of students is limited so that there is a small set of wrong answers. Once I decide how wrong they are (i.e., partial credit) grading becomes fairly mechanical, and I can get it done in 3 hours or so, each go-round.

I usually find myself wishing for a wrong answer that would make me think, but I don’t get more than one of those a semester at most.

profshelly - November 5, 2010 at 8:48 am

B”H

Grading is the hardest, I think, for those of us employed teaching freshman composition and other freshman writing-intensive courses. Most of our teaching is done through the commentary we give on the papers, and the papers take a huge amount of time to grade.

In addition, we usually have the highest number of students in each class, and we are teaching 3-5 classes per semester–usually at a lower pay scale (despite the Ph.D.) than our colleagues in math and science courses.

cowesses - November 5, 2010 at 9:27 am

As a professor of English at a community college, perhaps the most important part of my teaching, and the most time-consuming, is responding to drafts, performing an “intervention” as some like to call it, in an attempt to help the student turn out an improved final draft to which a grade is finally affixed. So the actual “grading” takes much less time than the initial draft-reading in which I have to read, mark, annotate, and try to figure out what to say to the student on the global level that will be the most helpful. That takes time.

domalley - November 5, 2010 at 12:24 pm

To the list of ‘grades’ assigned for writing outside the classroom I add the grading of cover letters for job applications. Hiring is based very much on the interview, but getting the interview depends almost entirely on the cover letter and resume. Can the search committee tell if the applicant has the relevant background? Are there other elements in the candidates’ experience that would make him/her desirable? In addition, one of the requirements is always ‘communication skills.’

matt_l - November 5, 2010 at 5:09 pm

I just finished a round of midterms and essays. So I feel like a weight is off my shoulders.

I remember a conversation I had with a colleague on grading. We both agreed that nine times out of ten, you knew if the student wrote an excellent paper by reading the first page. If they hadn’t gotten it together in the first 150 words, they were not going to give you A work. It was at that point I started using a timer, giving myself 10 minutes to read and comment on a paper. Even if I hadn’t finished reading and marking up the whole paper, I knew enough about it to give a grade.

The next step was coming up with a rubric. I found myself writing the same half dozen comments on 80% of the papers. So I turned that into a rubric. All I had to do was circle the appropriate comments on the sheet and write some personal remarks at the bottom of the page. Now I can grade a paper in 5 minutes. Really bad papers and really great papers take far less time.

The great thing about this system is that I have more students who do better on the final essay. I also have more students who are willing to come and see me in office hours to talk about the essay and how to do better. With the rubric, I can point to two or three specific things they can fix that will improve their grade and writing the next time around.

Debbie Hyden - July 25, 2012 at 1:18 am

So far as ethical treatment of children is concerned, I just wonder in fact how far Watson actually went, given that it is documented that other researchers used electric shocks on children and even inserted cannula to collect saliva. http://adc.bmj.com/content/36/185/50.full.pdf

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