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How to Fake ADHD

June 11, 2010, 2:00 pm

Let’s say you’re a college student and you want to fake having attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in order to get a prescription. You Google the symptoms, take a few notes, then ask to be tested. What are your odds of fooling everyone and getting the meds?

Pretty good, actually. A study published in the journal Psychological Assessment tested students who actually had ADHD (but weren’t on their medication) and students who had been asked by the researchers to pretend that they had the disorder. It turns out, self-report checklists for ADHD were of “no value” in ferreting out the feigners. Even someone with a cursory knowledge of the disorder could simulate the symptoms.

So-called symptom validity tests were more helpful and did a decent job of separating the fakers from the sufferers. But they also, in some cases, misidentified students who actually had ADHD as fakers. This is a problem, the authors write, because “it is better to miss some who are feigning than to mislabel true clinical cases as feigning.”

What to do then? The researchers suggest tweaking the more accurate tests to increase their sensitivity to faking. They also suggest looking carefully at a student’s history to see if current test results line up with past performance. But there aren’t any clear answers yet. Report the authors, gloomily: “The identification of students who feign impairment on ADHD evaluations within the university setting will likely remain a vexing problem.”

(Here’s the abstract for the study, “Detection of Feigned ADHD in College Students.” The authors are Myriam J. Sollman, John D. Ranseen, and David T. R. Berry.)

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25 Responses to How to Fake ADHD

physicsprof - June 11, 2010 at 3:33 pm

Next logical step: stupidity will eventually be deemed a medical condition and professors will be expected to accomodate it. At the same time government and college administrations will keep increasing graduation rates. HiEd of the future will be fun to watch.

wilke - June 11, 2010 at 3:37 pm

As the parent of a high ability child with diagnosed ADHD, I hope he doesn’t end up in the “physicsprof” class… and I imagine, no matter his academic capabilities, “physicsprof” probably doesn’t want him there.

bphil - June 11, 2010 at 3:46 pm

As a faculty member with ADD who is grateful for medication to help get through a day without too much loss, frustration, dropped tasks, forgotten faces, endless annoyances, I would prefer that physicsprof walk down the hall to have a heart-to-heart with a psychprof, then chat up a philosophyprof, and finally consult with medicalprof before ever again comparing ADD to stupidity.

physicsprof - June 11, 2010 at 3:58 pm

Surely I accomodate students with ADD, the way I am suppossed to. It is just that after seeing many slackers playing the system I can no longer truly believe the piece of paper saying ADD anymore.

ihadanidea - June 11, 2010 at 4:18 pm

I’m far more concerned about students faking an ADD diagnosis in order to get access to stimulant medications (and the abuse problems thereof) than I am about the accommodations end of things. Most accommodations for ADD, like extended time and reduced distraction areas for testing, are removing conditions that exist only for the convenience of scheduing classrooms rather than for purposes related to actually determining what students know. Handing speed to someone who doesn’t have a legitimate medical need for it, on the other hand, is a real problem.Besides, there are plenty of “slackers” without an ADD diagnosis.

cwinton - June 11, 2010 at 4:30 pm

I agree with post #5. Someone faking ADHD is after drugs. I doubt making typical ADHD accommodations for them would change their course outcomes.

physicsprof - June 11, 2010 at 11:58 pm

Why would I be concerned with somebody faking ADD in order to get access to drugs? It is their personal choice and I certainly have no interest in participating in the war on drugs or telling people what to do outside my classroom. Inside is a different story.

d_and_der - June 12, 2010 at 1:52 am

When I worked at D.U. it seemed as though way too many students had university forms claiming they had ADHD. When test time came the faculty were instructed to give the test to the department in charge. The exams were NOT locked up, the atmosphere was that of a party, the students took the tests whenever they wanted for as long as they wanted in the presence of multiple uninvited visitors who used the room as party time. After one or two experiences with the incompetant individuals running the program, I refused to send any more students to the facility. Instead, they came back to my quiet, peaceful office and finished their exams while I graded other exams. Why do we waste millions of dollars on ineffective programs when, in this case, the professor can do the job. Regarding prescriptions, shouldn’t a “real” medical facility write prescripptions of this nature?

your_rights - June 12, 2010 at 8:50 pm

In defense of #1 AND ommiting the discussion of ADHD. Professors are already expected to accommodate stupidity. The “HiEd” of TODAY is no fun to watch. The stupidity problem is no longer limited to students, it includes faculty and administrators. The decline in motivation and ability gets worse every year as does the increase of plagiarism, cheating and faking the need for pharmacy drugs.

susankeach - June 13, 2010 at 12:08 am

How is it that professors are seeing pieces of paper with “ADD” on them? Diagnoses are supposed to be confidential handled through an appropriate office. Professors should only see pieces of paper asking for certain “reasonable accommodations,” such as a longer time for tests or for taking tests in the test center. Drugs are one thing, and that isn’t good, although I agree with another commenter that these people have other ways to get drugs. But I can’t see that extra time for tests in a properly run test center is any big deal if a few people get this extra time. The whole diagnosis of ADHD or any psychological disorder is not very scientific for anyone. There is no objective test for any disorder.

d_and_der - June 13, 2010 at 3:17 am

#10: “But I can’t see that extra time for tests in a properly run test center is any big deal if a few people get this extra time.”1) I am certain you will not get an answer, but try asking your CFO exactly how much the physical facilities, personnel, etc. cost.2) “properly run test center” HA! I’ve never seen one even in a real hospital.3) why can’t YOU give the student extra time?4)”Diagnoses are supposed to be confidential handled through an appropriate office.” HA! Never go to an in-house employer provided care facility. Everyone at work will know your condition within a few days.5) Universities are not hospitals. We are not equipped professionally or financially to handle these problems. It is the parent’s responsibility to work through all of these issues.

psychmajor - June 13, 2010 at 5:10 pm

I cant believe you are wasting precious time and money on this-apparently you have way too much time on your hands, maybe should get a job!Im concerned with not having enough money for college this year and not having health care to get my meds for ADHD but with a “friend” like you i could drop out of it all and just go into research and although i would be uncomfortable and ill for the rest of my life w/o meds for life i could laugh myself to death as you make an ass out of us all-including Obama.Vicki Hirtreiter

physicsprof - June 13, 2010 at 9:38 pm

Honestly, Vicki, are you sure you want to spend money on college this year? How about starting with some remedial English classes instead?

janyregina - June 14, 2010 at 10:08 am

That is unkind.

dank48 - June 14, 2010 at 11:45 am

Probably unkind to ask physicsprof how to spell “accommodate” too.

akprof - June 14, 2010 at 12:07 pm

#11There are valid reasons for documenting ADD or any type of learning disability that impacts test taking skills. Many students complete programs in fields that require successful performance on a licensing exam for employment. Extra time can be allotted for those exams if the condition has been previously documented and if the student/graduate has had similar accommodations throughout school. In the absence of both conditions, accommodations are not allowed for the licensure exam. And, in truth, passing the licensing exam often has little to do with the potential of an individual to perform effectively in the fields for which they are seeking licensure – they simply test for a baseline level of professional knowledge.

rpence63 - June 14, 2010 at 12:24 pm

I have taught for 16 years and have accommodated many students. Not once have I been informed as to what their disabilities or special needs are, nor do I want or expect to be informed. All I need to know is, 1) their condition is verified by the university;2) their needs and how best to accommodate them.In other words, I’ve never been given a piece of paper with the words “ADD” or “ADHD” on it. If I were to receive such a note, I would report it as a possible violation of privacy policies.I should also say that I am a 46-year old Ph.D. who has ADHD and takes medication for it. I take my medication properly and it helps manage my symptoms. I am not a stupid or lazy person, nor am I a prescription drug abuser.I expect more from people in higher education when it comes to dealing with this condition but I’m usually disappointed. Too many faculty and grad students use “ADD” and “ADHD” casually and contemptuously, as synonyms for stupid and lazy. They remind me of the folks who use “retarded” in a similar fashion. Some people who are book-smart and credentialed are themselves profoundly stupid when it comes to this condition. In fact, many of them don’t know what or whom they’re talking about, but it doesn’t stop them from having opinions. That is emblematic of stupidity and it makes me sick.

physicsprof - June 14, 2010 at 12:42 pm

dank48 (#15), no it is fine. I am sure you would forgive yourself for an ocasional spelling error, especially if English is your second language, wouldn’t you? (There is one more in the previous sentence, if you are interested ;)

physicsprof - June 14, 2010 at 1:18 pm

rpence63, it is surely tempting to paint those opinions that differ from your own as “emblematic of stupidity” and feel “sick” about them. Please, however, be aware that there are professionals who thought a lot about ADHD and still don’t buy into it. ADHD is a legitimized multi-billion drug business of medical and pharmaceutical industries. It relies on its victims taking “medications properly”. [See for example, B. Ravenel & J. Rosemond, "The Diseasing of America's Children: Exposing the ADHD Fiasco and Empowering Parents to Take Back Control".]

dank48 - June 14, 2010 at 3:45 pm

Physicsprof, I really care less about whether you spell “occasional” correctly, regardless of how many languages you know, than in attitudes toward students with special needs. I understand doubts about pharmacological ethics, but not buying into the reality of ADHD or ADD because there is the potential for abuse seems to me extreme. There are legitimate concerns about overprescription, and I for one find it disturbing to see “ethical” pharmaceuticals plugged on television, with that “Ask your doctor whether OurNewMed is right for you” message. (If I asked my doctor whether some drug was right for me, he’d probably have me thrown out of his office.) But doubts about abuse can be taken too far, and doubts about special needs of all kinds can, in my experience, consciously or otherwise mask less worthy motives. A couple years ago, a student in one of my daughter’s classes complained about her having an “unfair advantage” because she had an interpreter. When the obvious was explained, in words of one syllable, he defended his position: “She doesn’t look deaf.” What can one say to that?Nobody wants Ritalin Nation, but nobody should doubt the reality of ADHD.

physicsprof - June 14, 2010 at 4:07 pm

Dank48, as I already said I do aCCoMModate students with ADD (and students mostly don’t make a secret of their condition when they request it), as I am suppossed according to rules of my institution. However to claim that “nobody should doubt the reality of ADHD” even outside the classroom is going too far. In science scepticism is good and acceptable, to a degree that might vary with the topic. Many medical professionals doubt the existence of ADHD. Not many doubt the existence of cancer, arthritis, deaftness or bipolar disorder, right? Doesn’t this fact speak for the robustness of the ADHD concept to you?

scanlo10 - June 16, 2010 at 3:17 pm

blah blah blah you can’t spell blah blah blah

shekomeko3 - June 17, 2010 at 8:48 am

I taught at a highly selective liberal arts college in the 1990s, and at that time, the processes and procedures for accommodating students with documented learning differences were poorly formulated and haphazardly administered. Students could provide “outside” validation of learning differences to health services or be tested on campus. The admissions office marketed the institution’s willingness to accommodate these so-called learning differences. In a principles course I taught my first year, one student proudly proclaimed he had 91 documented learning differences.Students, in conjunction with student health services, were supposed to provide written verification of learning differences and need for “extra time” or untimed exams PRIOR TO the first graded event in class. [The letter did not indicate the exact condition, merely that a learning difference had been documented and that accommodations were required under ADA.] All too often, this documentation was not provided and then students would show up at the first exam and state: “I get to take the test untimed.” Faculty members are then put in an awkward position as to whether to allow the untimed exam without proof of learning difference or deny the accommodation and risk the threat of a lawsuit. Sending students to take the exam at the “learning center” where the exam was allegedly proctored was a travesty. Exams were required to be submitted 2 weeks prior to the scheduled date and it once took a month to retrieve an exam administered there. As a result, I had the joy of proctoring 17 special needs students out of 70 students one semester. I will never forget one student who required untimed exams taking a midterm in my statistics course. He started the exam at 3:30 PM, and then worked until 6:00 PM, at which time he announced he was going to eat dinner. He returned at 8:00 PM, worked for another 90 minutes, and said he needed a snack at the student cafe. He returned at 10:30 PM, worked another hour on the exam, and then told me he was tired and was going to call it a night. Yes, that was my life as a junior faculty member. Waiting on unqualified charlatans gaming the system, staying in the office past midnight, driving an hour home and then getting up at 5:00 AM so I could be in the office to prep for my 7:30 AM class. I left before my young daughters were awake and returned home after they were asleep. Meanwhile, my student with 91 learning differences turned a 90-minute in-class stats midterm into a three-day affair. As others have indicated, the problems lie much deeper than a few students gaming the system, academic deans and “student support” offices have become unfettered advocates for students, removing any and all obstacles to students doing what they want, when they want. On several occasions, administrators forced me to give students make-up final exams months after the course was over because the student claimed to have an episodic learning difference brought about my emotional stress. This system undermines standards, and does a disservice to all students, including those with learning differences. When these students leave their undergraduate institutions, they will enter the workforce and be faced with managing multiple projects on tight deadlines; there will be no accommodations in those environments. Anecdotes of “the cruel professor” are unconvincing to faculty members who have seen the entire spectrum of behavior.

bazin - June 23, 2010 at 3:12 pm

I am surprised that within such a collegial environment the discussion hasn’t shifted from the blame game to the science behind ADHD. A diagnosis of the disorder must take many factors into account and if a person is incorrectly diagnosed then the issue isn’t with the “faker” it’s with the practitioner. Why should all students with ADHD suffer from the stigma brought forth by students faking the symptoms, no matter what that person’s motivation may be to do so? Furthermore, brain scans can easily show whether a person truly has ADHD or not and this practice has been happening for a very long time now. This is a real, physical disorder that (aside from abusing large amounts of drugs or self-inflicted head trauma) no person can make themselves have. People who suffer from ADHD deserve the assistance and understanding from their professors. If you are an educator then it would make sense to educate yourself about such a prevalent disorder. Here’s a Washington Post article on ADHD brain scans – http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/09/21/AR2009092103100.html Thanks for reading. I hope you will take the time to learn more before rushing to judgement on any of your students.

alisha66 - December 1, 2010 at 2:55 am

Attention Deficit Disorder is a chronic neurological disorder that is primarily diagnosed in the children. Statistics estimates that two to five percent of the population are affected by the ADD, considering the rare possibility in the case of adult ADD. ADD is a pediatric disease worrying the United States, five million are affected by this disorder. Attention Deficit Disorder is the former name of the disease with characteristic symptoms of hyperactivity, inattention and impulsivity, which was later renamed Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. The disease is classified into three distinct subtypes, ADHD predominantly combined type, ADHD predominantly inattentive type and ADHD predominantly hyperactive impulsive type, on the basis of characteristic symptoms marked.
http://www.disorderscentral.com/symptoms-of-attention-deficit-disorder.html

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