• Tuesday, May 29, 2012

Previous

Next

A Recent Cover Letter

June 8, 2011, 11:49 am

This summer, I am frantically looking for a full-time job, either in academe or not. In order to keep myself sane, I have been changing the format of my cover letters recently. For this post, I thought I would share a cover letter I sent off a few weeks ago.

This letter was for a one-year contingent position teaching first-year writing at James Madison University, where I was once an adjunct and where I know many of the faculty members. It is a position focused on teaching and service, more so than on research and publication. Enjoy.

Dear Hiring Supervisor,

I have always told my students that what they write can make real changes in the world. I have tried to instill courage in them. If something seems wrong, explore it, I tell them, and use writing as one avenue towards the betterment of things. As such, I have tried to lead by example. As those of you reading this probably know, I believe higher education’s use of adjunct faculty is often misguided. Through writing, I have tried to advocate change in the system. For this, I have been both praised and insulted, both held up and beat down. To be honest, I have probably deserved a little of it all, and I don’t even know if the things I have written will lead to any changes, or even to any new understanding about this issue.

But I have talked the talk and walked the walk. This is why I’m right for this position.

Nevermind that, when I’m not teaching, I’m honing my craft as a writer and editor (and recently, a publisher). Forget that, when I’m not teaching, writing, or editing, I’m studying ways to be a better teacher, writer, and editor. I’m sure I could throw some buzzwords and buzzphrases into this letter, like “technology in the classroom” or “learner-centered approaches.” My “pedagogical” approach is only slightly different from my “andragogical” one, for example. And, if I were to name-drop, I would likely mention Sondra Perl, Nancy Sommers, and Peter Elbow. All of this matters: my approaches to teaching, other writers/teachers I admire, my research interests.

But what really matters is that I’ve talked the talk and walked the walk. This is why I’m right for this position.

Sincerely,

Have you experimented with cover letters? What has worked for you?

This entry was posted in The Two-Year Track. Bookmark the permalink.

  • Print
  • Comment
  • pterodactyl123

    Hi Issac,
    I have not experimented with cover letters in my past job search efforts. Of course, I did try to tailor each letter to the academic institution and specific position. Now that I have a full-time gig, I would probably be a little more daring in terms of experimentation if I were to go back on the market.

    I have a few questions about your cover letter. First, why do you write: “As those of you reading this probably know, I believe higher education’s use of adjunct faculty is often misguided.” Are you sure that everyone who reads your letter will probably know your views on adjunct labor? Why are you sure? I can’t recall the circumstances under which you left James Madison, but sometimes if the terms of departure were not rosy, it is best not to remind people of your views. On the other hand, if you were well-liked and your views on adjunct labor were met with support, then I think it’s fine/good to remind people of who you are and what you stand for.  

    Your cover letter makes you sound very busy. Perhaps you sound a little more busy than you want to sound. Maybe include a specific list of publications and leave out the business of recently getting into publishing. That’s a lot of work: will you be able and willing to focus on teaching and research if you get hired? That’s what I would want to know as a search committee member. Share the publishing/editing activities after you are hired. That’s my 2 cents.

    Finally, I get a little cranky with people who use words in their cover letters that I have to look up in the dictionary. You say: My “pedagogical” approach is only slightly different from my “andragogical” one, for example. What is an adragogical approach? How is this going to clarify things for the committee who wants to know how you teach? You don’t have to use buzz words, but some clear and specific and concrete examples of your teaching style would help.

    Good luck!

  • rogue_academic

    But the question is: do you want them to read your letter from a newspaper? In any case you are applying to a place you worked before. Sharing a letter sent to your former colleagues might give “regular” job searchers a wrong advice.

  • j20craig

    Isaac, I commend you on your earlier postings that generated much discussion on the use of adjunct professionals in academic institutions. However, your approach to use that topic to gain employment with various institutions may be risky, in my humble opinion. I agree with “pterodactyl” and his/her comments and questions relative to honing your cover letters to the specific job qualifications and skill sets to the position being advertised. One has to remember that our industry of education is overwhelmed with people seeking academic positions and selection panels are engaged in yeoman efforts to fairly select the best candidates from 100s of applications for a mere one of two positions being advertised. These selection panels are doing this as an ancillary duty as many are department chairs, full-time professors or administrators. These poor soles are often reading applications where the person is falling short of the qualifications for the job posted; may be an over qualified candidate; or, may be an extremely qualified professional seeking the position. Your approach here, although refreshing but not complementary of your talents, may not measure up to a highly qualified candidate who is “tailor-made” for the same position you are seeking. Therefore, I would not endorse using your exemplar letter for a selection panel to decide your candidacy for the reasons previously stated. Offered with respect, sir. Cheers!

  • Brian Abel Ragen

    I’m glad you are not name-dropping, because, if I had to be blunt, I would have to tell you that the names you forbear to drop are not ones I care to hear. But, of course, you haven’t said a word and I haven’t replied and no one has either disagreed or been disagreeable. What peace an old-fashioned trope can bring!

  • hypatia

    I would not want to hire someone for a writing position who thinks that “never mind” is all one word, and who misuses “as such”:  It does not mean “therefore” or “hence”.  Worse still, the letter provides the reader with no concrete evidence for supposing the writer has “walked the walk” or “talked the talk”.  Moreover, the injunction, before the letter, to “enjoy” suggests that the writer has an inflated view of the value of his own writing. Assuming that this article manifests his abilities and experience, the writer has provided every reason for me not to hire him.

  • kay99

    Comment @Portia, Abel and Hypatia — I do not teach but I have worked in higher ed since 1977. It always amazes me how negatively critical faculty are. I’ve often wondered how much better the institution would be if faculty didn’t tear each other to bits. But perhaps this is the way higher ed “polices” itself. Or perhaps it helps one grow a thick skin and an inflated view of self.

  • cmcclain

    If hundreds of applicants apply for the same position then such nitpicks will determine which applications can be dumped early on in the search. The OP would do well to heed the advice of  the “negatively critical” faculty who realize that applications are first sorted by the small but glaring errors. A hiring committee member might even reach the conclusion that grammatical mistakes and lack of relevance to the institution reflect the writer’s work ethic and intended commitment to the position, if hired.

  • ctaylor32

    portiacoelhi, your second to last statement is precisely why his letter is good. All the things that you outline prior to that statement can be done when he comes to campus. You proved his letter to be as effective as he felt it was.

  • http://twitter.com/ripeka Rebecca Stanton

    Hypatia, we are kindred spirits.  That misuse of “as such” as a conjunctive adverb seems to be epidemic at the moment, and it drives me nuts as well!

  • bstrauszfamily

    Wow – Isaac, I admire your willingness to offer yourself as a sacrifice here as the masses rip your efforts to shreds! That said, I enjoyed reading your letter and I must say, you’ve got me thinking about my hum-drum cover letters….at the very least, I should be a bit more creative. Thanks!

  • amygwagner

    Poor soles? Oh dear.  

  • hnsawyer

    I agree with Bstraus in that I too admire your willingness in taking a chance to write a cover letter “as such” <— that is going to make some of your haters mad :)

    Anyway,  while the masses here continues to rip your efforts to shreds, I commend those that did offer come great tips as to what could be changed!

    That said, I'm off to revisit my cover letter and see how I can too go against the "norm" and  "hum-drum" wording/format where you have proven being creative does not mean boring! To me, your cover letter came from your teaching philosophy :)

    Thanks!

  • lippertc

    I wonder if that was what this was about.  I also enjoyed the coment about how folks critique each other!

  • Phil Menger

    but did they get the job?

  • szakin

    Hilarious!  If universities wanted to hire actual writers instead of careerists and conformists, you’d get a job, buddy!  As it is….I’ll be interested to hear how it goes!  Good for you. 

  • judithryan43

    Perhaps the “pore soles” are actually mullets (the topic of another essay in this issue of the Chronicle)…

  • neudy

    You did the right thing by trying to stand out.  Two thumbs up…

  • eason

    I think you went the wrong way about writing this cover letter. Not because you went with humor and tried to show your personality, that’s good, but because you hid everything in a big jumble of masturbatory prose. A cover letter (IMO) should be very easy to read and well organized. Who are you? What position are your applying for? List in bullet points your highlights in relation to the job description. How can we contact you? A reasonably competitive University’s dept. director may receive 40-50 CV’s a month, not just in hiring season. Don’t waste time, show why/how you perfectly fit the job description, make them want to open your CV to see more, and hope you get that interview. Sometimes it’s a crap-shoot, but the best thing you can do is to be succinct. If you KNOW you are a good match for the job and meet/exceed their requirements, then call/email to make sure they got your application. That will make you stand out and get you an interview much more than hoping you hit HR/whoever’s funny-bone.

  • bernicerogowitz

    This letter was obviously a letter of honest self-evaluation, which I admire a lot.  It does, however, sound defensive in places and self-important in others, which could cause the hiring committee to take a step back.  When I’ve been on the hiring side, I’ve looked for brilliance, but also a certain humility and interest in learning in the workplace.  So, if I were editing this letter, I’d shave down a few of the chips and increase the focus on what you could contribute.  Also, you might tell them why someone with such excellent experience would be interested in a 1-year contingent position. 

    By the way, did you get the interview?  Job?

  • judithryan43

    Three cheers for praeterition. It can be very effective, but in this application letter I don’t see it that way. It comes off as self-congratulatory. Altogether, the letter makes the writer sound too full of himself. The opening sentences, which I like a lot, segue too rapidly into the writer’s claim that he has “led by example.” From that point on, the letter assumes that the “hiring supervisor” knows what that example has been, which is not necessarily a valid assumption, even though he has taught at that institution before. The claims the letter goes on to make seem to be accompanied by a chip on the shoulder. In my view, the somewhat flamboyantly creative aspects of the letter essentially take it for granted that once again, this letter will not work and its author will not be hired. True, the writer mentions positive and negative responses he has received (“I have been both praised and insulted, both held up and beat down”), but the general tenor of his letter seems to say “See if I care!” I just don’t think that this is a good way to go. 

  • llevine

    I recently participated in a search for a choral conductor.  The candidate we offered the position to was a straight talking, honest musician who clearly did not answer our questions with what he thought we wanted to hear.  Instead his responses were blatantly honest and gave us pause to think about our own expectations and assumptions.  This was quite refreshing.  Your letter takes a similar approach and I hope that your straight talk will be appreciated by the members of this particular search committee.  Best of luck.

  • william_barnett

    I’ve never understood what makes an applicant over-qualified and why that is bad. I suppose some might presume that an “over-qualified” employee would be dissatisfied and likely to move on to a better position. But in this economy, such a presumption is surely mistaken quite often. Why not give an “over-qualified” applicant an opportunity to contribute her/his talent, rather than toss the application in the trash?

  • bowl_haircut

    A wise man on my dissertation committee offered me this advice when I was searching for a TT position: when you’re courting search committees, think of it as just that–a romantic relationship.

    What he meant was that the very same dynamics that come into play when one is, well, “playing the field,” are also present when one is looking for full-time academic work.  Search committees want to be wooed, sure, but they’re like the beautiful prom queen or the dreamy captain of the football team or, to use a more academia-friendly example, Indie-queen Zooey Deschanel (feel free to substitute whomever you like here).  The point is that while you want your cover letter to convey your qualifications, your eagerness, your availability, and your sincerity, you also have to convey to them that “hey, whether or not you bring me to campus, wine and dine me, or even offer me the job, I’m going to be just fine with or without you.”  That, I believe, is precisely the attitude or the ethos common to most of those who succeed in attaining a tenure-track position.  “I like you–I really do.  But whatever happens with ‘us,’ I’m going to land on my feet.”

    Your letter, on the other hand, comes off a bit…frustrated.  You’re clearly someone with several impressive accomplishments and abilities (heck, I’d love to have my own CHE blog), but your prose is dripping with this attitude that you deserve far, far more than you’ve received and dammit, it’s high time some beautiful, available search committee chair recognized it.  You basically have the right idea–you’re going for a kind of outsider-positioning, right?–but this pose is undercut by a palpable sense of anger and alienation.

    I wish you the best of luck, I really do.  Most of us do realize, I think, that just like high school romance, the process of getting a TT gig is pretty much one big farce.  (If you ever sit on a search committee, you’ll learn it’s a miracle that anyone ever gets hired in this business.)  But check your frustration at the door, so to speak, and play their game just long enough to get a steady date.  Then, well, things get a lot more interesting…       

  • 22185161

    Agreed! The purpose of the cover letter is not to rehash your resume/CV. It’s to provide a bit of yourself — your personality, your strengths, etc. The cover letter that stands out is the one that will get put in the “To Call” pile, not the “To Trash” pile. For that reason alone, yours is great. A bit smug? Maybe. Perhaps you ever-so-slightly crossed the line from confidence in your abilities to a very slight bit of smugness. But who wants an employee who isn’t confident in his/her abilities? No one I know.

    Let us know if this cover letter nets you an interview. And take the comments from the ‘haters’ here with a grain of salt. There may be some valid, useful critiques embedded in their vitriol – use them and throw out the rest.

    Good luck!

  • http://twitter.com/IsaacSweeney IsaacSweeney

    Hi all. This week, I was offered a tenure-track position at a junior college near Richmond, Va. It was with a different cover letter, but one that also took some chances (though it wasn’t as brash). Planning to write about getting that job for next week’s post.

  • bowl_haircut

    Congratulations.

  • snerk1

    I think what Prof. Sweeney’s letter illustrates most clearly is the random element of cover letters. Beyond checking for typos, grammatical errors, and internal sense (and making sure you’re sending the right letter to the right address), what do experts, readers, and well-wishers agree on? Not much. Personally, I found the letter to be somewhat, in modern slangy parlance, “douchey.” But others insist that what I see as “douchey” is really what makes the letter “good.” And that’s the ballgame, isn’t it? All it takes is one reader to think the letter is good, and Sweeney wins.

    I went for the unusual in one cover letter I wrote–the chair of the search committee played in a band, and I mentioned looking forward to seeing the band play. I suppose, to paraphrase Chief Dan George in “Little Big Man,” sometimes the douche works, and sometimes it doesn’t.

      

  • raza_khan

    Hi Isaac

    Foremost, congratulations on your new full-time position.  I am sure that they will find you an asset to that college.   I would like you to refrain from the use of “junior” college.  There is nothing about being “junior”.  In fact, we call them Community colleges as the emphasis is that that community decided to have a college for the betterment of its citizens of that area and the college needs to responds to their needs especially in terms of workforce development.  I can not say that is the mission of a four year or Tier I institutions.

    Now, to your thought-provoking article….
    I usually skim / scan through a cover letter.  I am more interested with the candidate’s teaching and research (if applicable) philosophy.  Since I teach at a community college, of course, my main emphasis is on teaching philosophy and how the candidate relates to the “artificial students” during a interview delivery of a lesson and how he / she can contribute to the college.  Cover letter and the color of the paper are irrelevant to me.

    Are adjuncts not given their full due respect? Absolutely! But the point is not that you just ponder on the fact that adjuncts do not get their well-deserved respect but the fact that adjuncts own it and ensure that they get it. Nothing in life comes easy…what is more important is how you deal with challanges and the decisions you take.

    best,

    Raza
    ____________________________
    Raza Khan, Ph.D.
    Dr.Raza.Khan@gmail.com

  • anotherone

    Isaac, care to share thee cover letter that helped you land that job?

    Your posted one got me to thinking I should change mine up. I keep a basic sense to mine and tailor it to what the college is looking for. Should I announce my strategies upfront? I already think my cover letter is too long, but it states what I’m looking for and what makes me different. I was told “short and sweet.”

    Congratulations! I think we’ve all been pulling for you.

  • comicsprof

    According to job search courses I recently completed, “over-qualified” is often code for “outside our age bracket.” The paradox is that by the time we’ve accumulated the education and practical experience required to do our jobs properly, some myopic institutions won’t hire us because of our ages.

  • comicsprof

    I applaud the urgent and earnest desire to break away from staid boilerplate cover letters. I agree with others that this specific approach is a bit off-putting. When we’re sending these out, we need to communicate that we can write and teach effectively, which is not necessarily akin to Trump-esque bombast.

  • http://twitter.com/IsaacSweeney IsaacSweeney

    Thanks for commenting. It is, in fact, a junior college. There is a distinction in Virginia. Community colleges fall under the Virginia Community College System and offer certifications in various fields, non-credit classes, along with associates degrees and transfers to 4-year institutions. As a junior college, Richard Bland offers associates degrees and transfer programs to 4-year institutions only.

  • http://twitter.com/freckled freckled

    The problem here is that you use a terrible cliche a couple of times which, in my opinion, is one of the worst issues in freshman writing. EVER. But what do I know? I’m just a graduate student. I feel as though the committee is supposed to go “ooooo” but really, having participated recently in a search for my campus’s new dean, it makes me go “barf.”

  • gbuelens

    If you note poor soles, then why not complementary for complimentary?

  • gbuelens

    ctaylor32: ever heard of irony? you don’t imagine portiacoelhi would actually invite the blogger to campus, do you?

  • cmocote

    Yikes Issac! Duck-incoming! Passive-aggressive environment. Ya think?. Scribe fanatics?

    You offered me a reason why you write, example how you write, evidence of a passion for writing and how you will transcend the act of doing into the art of teaching. Moreover, all in an environment and  spirit of life long learning.

    Did I get it? Even just a little? I hope so, because I think you get it. Some don’t and probably never will.

    You preface your letter with the remark that the job focus is on writing, not research. Therefore, in my humble opinion,  your spot-on targeting an approach to the final user. The customer.. students. Not pin head researchers (PHR’s).

    If the hiring committee is stacked with PHR’s, I guess your sh=%-out-of-luck. If it’s comprised of applied theory/practical application screeners, you just might get your foot in and make a difference transforming some lives.

    Good Luck! I praise your strategy and risk assessment. Change is a good thing. Right or wrong, at least you try.

    Craig

  • tdr75

    Can anyone honestly say they are surprised by this?  I guarantee you that virtually every SEC, Big 12, Big 10, and Pac 10 school has a booster like Mr. Shapiro lurking around (maybe without the giant ponzi scheme…).  College athletics as an amateur spectacle has been a joke as long as I can remember…the only difference is it seems like 20 years ago people basically acknowledged the real situation (players brought in to play big-time sports regardless of actual academic merit or pursuits) while now they are all required to pay lip service to the “student-athlete” ideal…knowing full well that in most big programs, the student part isn’t even 10% of the equation.

    SMU still hasn’t recovered from its death penalty 25 years ago.  It’s a shame the NCAA hasn’t taken the opportunity one time since then to re-send the message despite the very public shenanigans that give college athletics a bad name.  And it is a shame because in most sports other than men’s football, basketball, and baseball … money isn’t nearly as big a part of the problem.  This isn’t to say violations haven’t occurred elsewhere, but nearly all of the high-profile cases involve football and men’s basketball.

  • dank48

    “APR” = “A Prison Record”?

  • dank48

    What’s on television?

  • 12080243

    “Some have pointed to Shalala, although it’s not yet clear whether she was aware of the extent of Shapiro’s involvement with players and coaches—or of his failed business scheme.”

    That might be worth saying/considering if corruption of football and basketball weren’t so well-known and widespread decade after decade. Fact is, higher education hasn’t hit the level of crisis needed to rid itself of the administrators and their ally faculty who are destroying it. Faculty could end it if they joined in resolve and action to rid higher education of miscreant administrators and their faculty allies. Alas, as it’s currently playing out, the miscreants will get rid of the faculty, timid creatures that they are, first.

  • drangie

    No.

  • rmelton5

    It’s interesting about the conferences you specifyin your second sentence, tdr75. You’re right — I wouldn’t be surprised about those. And I’m sure other conferences aren’t squeaky clean. But Miami is in the ACC, long considered one of the cleanest of the conferences and probably the one (of the big ones) with the best balance between athletics and academics. Miami should have never been admitted to the ACC; it was purely to add the television audience of South Florida. Whatever punishment the NCAA hands out, ACC presidents should vote to oust Miami from the conference.  

  • theart

    Or spin their teams off into a professional minor league and let the NFL deal with all of this nonsense.

  • 11191774

    She seems like a nice kid, and I wish her the best, even though I might suggest that a 14-year old kid should be worried about learning rather than testing.  But this comes at an interesting time in my life, and this video and article touch on some of those points.

    First, we’re in the middle of a kitchen remodel.  And, based on what I know, that kitchen is at least a $150 K do-over.  Probably more.

    Second, last night I went with my son to a presentation for juniors at his high school in our upper- and middle-upper-income suburb. It was 50 minutes long: 30 minutes on testing and 20 minutes on test-prep, complete with handouts for Kaplan and local test-prep companies.  For both the benefit of the student and the district, it was intimated, taking the tests several times and “investing” in test-prep were good ideas.  This despite the fact that when the counselor asked the parents how many remember taking the test, and taking it just once, a clear majority raised hands.  And they, of course, seemed to have done well.

    It was already clear to me, of course, having done admissions work for 30 years, that testing and test improvement has become the birthright of the wealthy.  But how I wish I could wave a magic wand and make this obsession with the SAT and ACT go away.

  • mbelvadi

    Agree. I wish I had a similar magic wand to make the obsession that faculty have with publishing in expensive for-profit journals with “high impact” factors go away and get them to only submit their manuscripts to open access journals. But it’s the same problem – those who are being judged have to play to the benchmarks established by those who do the judging.  If you don’t like the SAT obsession, reform the admissions departments; don’t blame the high school counselors and students.

  • jonjonstudent

    As long as test scores are a major metric for admission to elite universities, test prep will remain big business.

  • commserver

    What is the purpose of college education? Is it a stepping stone for getting a job or for knowledge?

    The original colleges were for the acquiring of knowledge. Very few people went to college, as opposed to today where it seems everyone wants to go to college.

    Today you have liberal arts schools where students are encouraged to learn. My daughter goes to William College which uses the 4-1-4 system. There is winter intersession where students are encouraged to take courses that they might not have considered taking.

    For job training then it is important to go to those institutions where students can be trained.

    My wife is from China. She has relative who has degree in Computer Technology but having a hard time getting job that is relevant. He was offerred job as telephone answerer answering general questions. How important was it getting college degree in Computer Technology if the job he has isn’t even related to the degree?

    My wife has friends whose children have similar experiences. There is one child who has degree in biology but the only job available was a salesperson for real estate. What a waste!!!!!

    The problem in China isn’t the degree but the job prospects. There are too many college graduates but too few jobs. The number of jobs that are being created is low in comparison to the number of college graduates evey year. It has been estimated that there will be around 6.6 million newly minted college graduates in China in 2011.

    http://www.econmatters.com/2011/07/college-graduates-too-many-in-china-not.html

    Look at the following

    Indeed, China is the largest developing country in the world far from being fully industrialized, and lacks the necessary infrastructure to properly place these highly educated young people. The nation owes much of its GDP (and therefore new jobs) to the manufacturing, industrial, and exporting sector, which mostly have more openings for blue collar workers instead of white collar jobs. There are simply more of them than jobs that they are qualified for, and the lack of affordable housing also has contributed to the “Ant Tribes” formation. Furthermore, due to the imbalance of social and economic development between urban and rural areas, ‘’Ant Tribes’ are clustered around major coastal regions like Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou, whereas rural areas, especially in the western regions, where work environment can be difficult, have a much higher demand for college graduates.

    It therefore seems that China simply doesn’t have the number of jobs available.

  • mycantarella

    This is a balanced response. I value that. Among my own observations are that upper class, predominantly white students who attend liberal arts colleges and major in whatever, ultimately rule the world. That is to say, the broad based skills they acquire provide them with the intellectual agility to navigate a changing work environment more easily and therefore progress with more options. Whereas the students who, primarily low-income, first generation and minority, coming from underperforming K-!2 environments are not only challenged by college but also are more invested in the linear career pathway. They then turn to highly vocational programs like medical coding, which while a useful skill, is not on a par with the broad skills learned as a history major who can then navigate many career paths using the research, communications, and critical thinking skills that major has provided. It would help considerably if we were to be more explicit in explaining to all students what the value is in the varied majors they may choose. Keep in mind that the canon of majors has not changed dramatically in 4 year schools while the array of careers available and embraced has. Furthermore few engage in careers that reflect their majors. How does that happen unless there is inherent value in the SKILLS gained. But in the current environment we need to speak to those skills. Faculty should know what their majors are doing with their degrees beyond the academy. More on this:
    The “Is College Worth it” Debate—Not a Debate Worth Having.
    icanfinishcollege.wordpress.com | Found via Marcia Cantarella
    http://icanfinishcollege.wordpress.com/
    Marcia Y. Cantarella, PhD, Author, I CAN Finish College: The Overcome Any Obstacle and Get Your Degree Guide

  • johnlehman

    In regard to the idea that “The original colleges were for the acquiring of knowledge,” this is an a-historical fantasy based on 19th century quarrels over educational policy in Great Britain.  Higher education, whether in Roman times or with the foundation of European universities in the middle ages, was vocational — the latter trained theologians, church and secular lawyers and administrators, and doctors.  Early American colleges were for the training of ministers and lawyers — later doctors.  They required large amounts of “liberal arts” because professionals needed to master the Latin (and later Greek) language and culture in which knowledge was expressed and professional life was carried out at the time.  At the same time, knowledge of classical languages and literature became a very strong social class marker. 

    With the rise of modern languages and science, utilitarians in the 19th century tried to reform higher education to better meet the needs of the modern world, and conservatives defended a focus on classical languages and literature as better meeting the needs of the British Empire as a “modern Rome,”  based on 19th century fantasies of a Graeco-Roman inspired government by letters-loving aristocrats rather than ambitious technocrats from the lower orders.  Hence the ideal of education for education’s sake — aimed at those who would never actually need to work for a living, but might condescend to lead and administer the country for the good of all.In the Chinese case, one of the complicating factors is that the number of each major at each university each year is still centrally determined, so this sort of input-output analysis goes on informally all the time.  I have been involved with Chinese higher education ever since I was a Chinese language major studying in Taiwan in 1970, and both the sociology and politics of education in China is very different from the US.

  • dakin

    What is needed now is a study of how income and wealth correlate with academic dishonesty. My thought is that people going to the essay writing sites probably have plenty of money and can afford to buy any paper they like. They can easily afford to rent most doctoral candidates for a week. The ones who are poor generally don’t cheat as well. They Google the topic and are very easy to detect. Most studies show that Americans know cheating is wrong, but they do it anyways. What do studies in other countries say about their cheating culture? Another independent variable would be either an inability or unwillingness to document the behavior of students, either on an individual or state level.

  • http://www.facebook.com/people/Antsy-Kuhnwisse/100002159499682 Antsy Kuhnwisse

    Yes, it used to be.  I remember that 60% approximation from a book from the early 1970s* — referring to the 1950s, to counter the argument that “it didn’t used to be so bad.”

    Maybe there have been some changes in the demographics and (certainly) the methods, but human beings are human beings.

    *The book was called *Wad-ja-get?*.  It was out of print for years, but now I see a revised edition is available.  I’m sure there are many other sources that would show this as well.

  • pwherry

     I believe this kind of research is being done/has been done. I know I heard or read of such a study very recently, though I can’t put my hands on a citation (it came up tangentially, as I recall). The conclusion was that wealthy people cheat more than poor people, and I’ve heard this other times as well. Perhaps other readers with more time or better memories than I can muster at the moment can provide citations?

  • mbelvadi

    Your hypothesis seems to be describing whether rich students are more successful, not more frequent, cheaters.  That would probably be much harder to study, although given the previous research it might be possible to get both groups of students to openly admit not just whether they cheated but whether they were caught at it.

  • Socratease2

    “That may be speculative.”

    Come on, now, this “thesis” is way more than speculative, it is about three degrees of separation past speculative. Not commenting on the “trust vs. income” argument specifically but I can’t believe a paper can be published with that level of evidence. It is interesting but completely and utterly unproven. Why not surmise that states with large income gaps have poor education systems that leave students unprepared for college and therefore likely to turn to paper mills for their “research papers.”  Hell, why not say that 12 trillion years ago Zenu threw aliens into earth volcanos and blew them up, leaving a toxic mental residue over these particular states that creates a penchant for cheating. wish I could publish research that jumps from A to Z with no need for credibility.

  • nampman

    and yet, there are differences in cheating that parallel the differences in inequality in each state. If it were solely a matter of culture, there would not be this relationship. I agree with you that there are individual differences in morality but we should not discount other variables (even surprising ones) that may have an impact.

  • nampman

    I also remember this in the Psychology literature.

  • nampman

    Read the paper before making such a comment. It is well written and does not overstep the evidence.

  • arlee

    Let’s not get off onto another misdirected path to explain bad behavior: I lived in an urban area; I don’t live in an urban area; my father beat my mother; my mother beat my father; they both beat me; I ate too many twinkies, too much red meat, too little citrus, not enough protein, too many carbs;  I have a learning disability; I’m the middle child; I’m victim of a bully; I am a bully; my parents don’t care about school; I have helicopter parents. 

    Sometimes, just sometimes the student is ill-prepared through her/ his own fault, is lazy just because he/she can get away with it, or is learning from the general culture that it’s ok to cheat as long as you don’t get caught.  And when those are the issues the cures are discipline, reward for hard work, and enforcing consequences for bad behavior.

  • nampman

    So your support for the just world hypothesis should trump data? That is true laziness.

  • idajones

    I briefly refer to one study in a blog post (http://idajones.wordpress.com/2012/03/16/have-money-will-cheat/): some of the findings were that cheating occurred more with students who did NOT need financial aid, members of fraternities and sororities and with international students.  It may be cultural. It’s certainly frustrating, especially when it has been either undetected or unde-sanctioned.

  • amy_l

    If there are correlations between two things, why *wouldn’t* you want to know that?  It can help you intervene more effectively.  For example, if levels of trust correlate with amount of cheating, then universities in states with high levels of distrust could do things to increase trust (like honor codes or whatever).  If all we think is that students are “lazy”, and we have no idea what caused that laziness, we’re more limited in what we can do.  Why would we purposely avoid knowledge?

  • Socratease2

    So, you are saying the argument is not solely based on a correlation between web site searches and reported state income gaps? The paper may be well written but that does not change the level of evidence involved. It is not even based on the rates of actual downloading and submission of fraudulent papers, merely on web searches. That is like saying states that have more web searches on bulk fertilizer purchases are more likely to have increased levels of domestic terrorism. The author of the article is seriously confused when he says:

    “Lukas Neville, a doctoral student at Queen’s University in Ontario, reports in the latest issue of Psychological Science that there’s more evidence of academic dishonesty in U.S. states with
    bigger gaps between the rich and the poor.”

    Excuse me? I still have not seen any evidence. People can speculate all day long, just don’t publish the results as evidence of anything. What did said student measure out as other possible correlations that could confound data? It is much more likely that multiple variables are at play here not just one. But, hey, people with only a hammer will always find that tool to be the one they choose as best.

  • Socratease2

    Sounds good but why are you spending valuable time and money to intervene based on a correlation? You won’t be managing the finances long if you create policy based on what might be true but might also be completely false. In summer months both consumption of ice cream and drownings increase proportionally. Guess by banning ice cream sales in July and August we will slash the numbers of drowning victims, sounds like good policy as well.

  • vincentm

    Does anyone know of an honest poll of faculty, and what percentage of faculty admits to cheating during their studies?

  • http://www.facebook.com/PurpleTigerProduction Claude Richardson

    IMHO… Students cheat when they know they can get away with it, has little to do with money. While income disparities may make different forms or levels of cheating available to some, I believe it has more to do with the integrity of the system in elementary and secondary education institutions, and the impact that coddling of the cheating student has on the individuals academic ability and growth. 
    Instructors/teachers are pressured to “pass” students, at any price, just to keep their jobs. It also has a lot to do with teachers not having the time or resource to teach other than to the test (due to the weight standardized testing carries). If a student is caught cheating, are they disciplined with an “F”? no. They might go visit the principal, write an essay, maybe have a chat between the parents and teacher. But then again, all the student has to do is cry abuse or discrimination, or some other keyword and the teacher is “investigated”. 
    In any case, the “F” student passes, and the trend continues into college. (they can cheat by paying someone to take their entrance exams, ACT, & SAT tests too) and into the work force.

  • flhunterj

    Or research that looks at the percent of faculty that decide to reeport such academic dishonesty. Side note: I wonder if the research considered the influence of distance learning programs on the Google data. I know this throws an allen ranch in analysis but you can’t discount this influence. In addition a comment above brought up a good point considering income and the type of cheating which would indicate a huge problem in higher education (You failed this course not because you cheated but because you didn’t have the financial resources to cheat with getting caught).

  • klwi3329

    I tend to believe that the research Fischman cites is very real. I also agree that the media has distorted the real picture. Here are my reasons for cheating:

    1. I believe the material is irrelevant to my life; it doesn’t matter.
    2. Expectations are unrealistic and I won’t do it, but I still want the grade.
    3. I see the moneychangers (via the media) make vast amounts of money for something that contributes nothing to society, and I want mine too.
    4. We don’t see the cheaters going to jail. I conclude the odds are in my favor.
    5. The glorification of wealth makes me feel small and insignificant. I want to impress the world.
    6. Money buys everything – influence, nice things, a gated haven, travel. It doesn’t buy happiness? I’ll take my chances.

  • 11269856

    I have not found this to be the case at all. I have never encountered more cheating than at the big state university where I now teach and the income levels here are not at all disparate. I would look more at the disparity between the professors’ and the students’ class and educational backgrounds. In cases where the course seems to demand more than the students are prepared or able to do (and their level of preparedness is sinking dramatically), they tend to resort to downloading papers or assignments.  I think the movement of young faculty from the more privileged graduate programs out to areas of the country with poor public schools actually leads to more cheating, sadly. 

  • The Chronicle of Higher Education
  • 1255 Twenty-Third St, N.W.
  • Washington, D.C. 20037