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Heteronormativity, White Racism, Etc. at Minnesota

January 25, 2010, 8:00 am

Last year, the University of Minnesota College of Education set about reviewing its curriculum, calling the project the Teacher Education Redesign Initiative. The College formed a set of “task groups” to address different aspects of the program, one of them being the “Race, Culture, Class, and Gender Task Group.” In July, the group issued its recommendations.

The first learning outcome the group identified was this: “Our future teachers will be able to discuss their own histories and current thinking drawing on notions of white privilege, hegemonic masculinity, heteronormativity, and internalized oppression.”

Another outcome is: “Future teachers will recognize & demonstrate understanding of white privilege.”

Another one is: “Future teachers are able to explain how institutional racism works in schools.”

And another one, this a schema of U.S. history in miniature: 

“Our future teachers will be able to construct and articulate a sophisticated and nuanced critical analysis of this story of America, for what it illuminates and what it hides or distorts. In pursuing this analysis, students will make use of, among other concepts and theories, the following:

myth of meritocracy in the United States

historical connections between scientific racism, intelligence testing, and assumptions of fixed mental capacity

alternative explanations for mobility (and lack of it)

history of demands for assimilation to white, middle-class, Christian meanings and values

history of white racism, with special focus on current colorblind ideology.”

You can find the document by typing into Google “Minnesota Race Culture Class Gender task group” and click on the pdf file labeled “Self.” 

Note that these controversial and difficult notions about race, history, and society are to be accepted and assimilated by students. They don’t allow students to defend meritocracy as a reality, not a myth. Students are not encouraged to explore ”white privilege” as a supposition for which they compile evidence for and against its existence and impact in this or that community or school.  These outcomes are assumptions that have the status of mandates.

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57 Responses to Heteronormativity, White Racism, Etc. at Minnesota

redweather - January 25, 2010 at 9:34 am

That’s quite a laundry list of overwhelmingly negative assumptions. But then some people, both in and out of academics, gravitate toward the negative. It seems to help them deal with the fact that (1) they are not in charge of everything, and (2) their opinions will not necessarily be accorded the status of proofs.

charliemarlow - January 25, 2010 at 10:03 am

This is a serious venue and not the place for parodies.

charliemarlow - January 25, 2010 at 10:03 am

Referring to the originaol blog entry

markbauerlein - January 25, 2010 at 10:32 am

red_marker - January 25, 2010 at 2:13 pm

I’m new to the Chronicle of Higher Education, which I thought was a serious publication devoted to studying and covering the practice, business, and community of college and university education in the U.S. I didn’t realize that the website was host to a forum for uninformed slanders against higher education institutions.Mark, I’ll make this brief. You selectively quoted a six-month old report from a task group, citing their recommendations for discussion (which have since been refined) as if they were dictats for brainwashing. Does that describe your educational experience? Where I come from, we expose students to theory, and do not use “to understand” as a synonym for “to agree without question”. The recommendations make it clear that they wish to raise points for discussion within a classroom. You make it clear that no such discussion would be acceptible to you.P.S. The hyperbolic press release you cite from FIRE doesn’t dispell the sense that this is a parody. It does suggest that you are not the only actor involved.

chuckkle - January 25, 2010 at 3:50 pm

Do you actually believe that meritocracy works in the US? Does it work in college admissions? At Emory? How do you account for legacy admissions, athletic admissions, and big donor special treatment?Where is your scientific evidence for this assumption?”They don’t allow students to defend meritocracy as a reality, not a myth.” Really? One CAN defend meritocracy as a reality, but isn’t that like letting students defend the tooth fairy as a reality? Whatever happened to science?Chuck Kleinhans

markbauerlein - January 25, 2010 at 4:05 pm

The first outcome demands that students “discuss their own histories and current thinking drawing on notions of white privilege, hegemonic masculinity, heteronormativity, and internalized oppression.” What if they don’t find that white privilege plays a significant role in their pasts? They’re stuck.And calling this post slanderous is beyond comment.

jffoster - January 25, 2010 at 7:13 pm

Mr Marker (5), Bauerlein quoted Ski U Ma’s Education College’s own document. That hasn’t been libel in the British North Amnerican Colonies > the United States since Peter Zengler. And yes, the way those little educationist thought police twits use “understand”, they mean demonstrate ideological agreement with’.

text0002 - January 25, 2010 at 8:27 pm

I don’t have experience with the U’s College of Education, but I did earn my Ph.D. in English at the U recently. If my experience provides any indication, students having to meet these outcomes, if they have in fact been adopted, probably experience all kinds of pressure–including grading–to conform to the politics of their instructors. When I was at the U, I knew a brilliant undergraduate who was being given Cs by his comp instructor because she had asked him to write about the 2004 elections, and he had expressed his support for George Bush. As a grad student, I constantly had to make sure that my work conformed with the political views of my advisor, a noted feminist. God help me when it didn’t. A liberal myself, I was horrified by this kind of stuff. I don’t think that these kinds of guidelines are very good for shaping independent thought. And by the way, it’s “Ski U Mah.” Doug Texter

jffoster - January 25, 2010 at 9:02 pm

Thank you, Mr. Texter, You’ve confirmed Prof. Bauerlein’s point but brought us the bad news that it’s apparently pervading the Education and Humanities faculties at U Minnesota — I hope not the Social Sciences although the gooier SS’s tend to be susceptible to such infestations too. Oh, well. They still have good programs in Geology and Geological Engineering. I doubt anybody but Turks and native speakers of L/D/Nakota actually pronounce the final “h” of Ski U Mah. English never has an /h/, i.e. a glottal fricative, except at the beginning of syllables. Although Vh does sometimes serve the orthographic ~ phonological function of indicating the vowel is the unshifted long lax variety, which one might contend that it does here.

red_marker - January 25, 2010 at 11:45 pm

Chuck Kleinhans: Whether one can defend meritocracy as a reality or not is (or should be) beside the point. Students should be allowed to try, and to be forced to confront reality when constructing their argument.Mark Bauerlein: That’s an interesting response, actually. I think my case is clear: you unfairly accuse the University of Minnesota of plotting to brainwash students. You have no credible evidence for this. My word for this is “slander”. I find your response interesting because I suggested you opposed the idea discussing things you found objectionable. I didn’t think you would confirm that so quickly, but I applaud your honesty, at least.jffoster: You can neither change my use of the word “slander” to “libel”, nor the meaning of the word “understand” to “ideological agreement with”. If you insist on doing so, you are merely arguing with your own invention.Doug Texter: As someone who attended the U, do you feel that your anecdote fairly represents the practice of educational instruction there? I once knew a grad student instructor who thought very little of the quality of a certain student’s work, but felt unable to give him the poor grades he deserved because she felt she would be (incorrectly) maligned for punishing his expressed political views. Do I have any reason to give your story more weight than you will give mine?

suomynona - January 26, 2010 at 7:26 am

red,Just FYI, slander and libel are legal definitions, the former regarding spoken speech, the latter regarding print speech. So when you typed ‘slander’ you really meant ‘libel.’ And MB’s commentary on this blog does not, as jffoster writes, constitute libel in any way, shape, or form.

bondage2 - January 26, 2010 at 8:36 am

Has anybody tried to follow the advice about how to access the report? All I get by Googling”Minnesota Race Culture Class Gender task group” is Mr. Bauerlein’s piece.

reinking - January 26, 2010 at 8:59 am

What stands out to me is not the viewpoints the documents’ authors are promoting, but the authors’ remarkable naiveté and lack of savvy in the way their views were framed and expressed. It is almost as if the authors were intentionally provoking parody and the inevitable reaction from conservative groups such as FIRE. But, based on my experience, I doubt that baiting conservatives was an intentional ploy. Instead, as one previous comment suggests, it is more likely that this document was produced by a group that exists in many faculties of education (and some other disciplines) and who stand squarely at the intersection of arrogance, moral superiority, ignorance, and intolerance of sympathetic but more moderate views.

goxewu - January 26, 2010 at 10:33 am

Profs. Bauerlein and Foster are two of my favorite commenters with whom to spar. But, boyoboyoboy, are they right (as in “right on”) in this case. #5 is almost hilariously oblivious to the obvious import and intent of the Minnesota report. That it’s “six months old” (Wow! So much can change in six months; why six months ago, we still traveled by stagecoach and the University of Minnesota had only 2500 students!) and has “since been refined” (“refining” that document and claiming to have changed it would be like rearranging six pebbles on Everest and calling it a different mountain) is totally insignificant. And to say that asking one merely to “understand” the report’s editorialized (to put it mildly) premises is not tantamount to asking for agreement, is like saying that asking one merely to “understand” the premise that a conspiracy of Jewish bankers runs the Western world is not asking for agreement with it. #14 is a series of nit-picks (the difference between slander and libel in this context), high-school debate clichés (the canard about anecdotal evidence), and assuming-what-is-being-argueds (students being forced to confront a “reality” that’s actually an editorial opinion of the report.The Minnesota report is a self-parodying attempt to make a certain kind of well-meaning (I’ll give it the benefit of that doubt) propaganda part of the school curriculum. There isn’t enough lipstick on all the cosmetic counters in Paris to make the Minnesota report into anything but ugly.BTW, with a little Googling, I found the report, a “draft,” “not for distribution”–I can see why! (Googling tip for bondage2: “Minnesota Race Culture Class Gender task group,” if it really is in quotes like that, will yield something only if the something has that exact wording. Better to separate the constituent quote-marked terms with AND.)

willynilly - January 26, 2010 at 10:55 am

To red-marker-Just keep reading Mark Bauerlein’s occasional pieces. In a short time your case will be clearly made. Mr. Bauerlein slanders far more than higher education institutions. He slanders political parties, candidates, incumbants, anyone outside his immediate partisan persuasion. Notice his standard genre. He searches for an old article that no longer is applicable to anything, examines it to determine its potential to be twisted, misrepresented and capable of being presented in a way that serves his personal right-wing agenda. At every step of the process he is fully aweare that the initial report, that he has now twisted, is no longer even relevant to the original author/s/. He believes he is so clever. He can hide behind the skirts of the original author/s/ as he did in his response to you herein. He tries to imply that he is only the reporter. If readers have a beef it is with the originators of the report he is referencing. Nonsense. He is not clever. He does not realize how transparent his motives are week in and week out. And he gets paid to put out this garbage. red-marker, you stared that you took a Chronicle subscription because you thought it would present the practices, business and collegial presentations within the higher education community. So did I. But join me in thinking again. Mr Bauerlein believes The Chronicle is a political document awaiting his regular manipulation. So reader beware.

musicologyman - January 26, 2010 at 11:35 am

Like Doug Texter, I earned a Ph.D. at Minnesota (Musicology, 2000). Even if one agrees, as I do, with most of the positions that the College of Education is advocating, their proposal strikes me as an obnoxious and detestable power play. Further, though the College’s report may represent a preliminary draft, it raises troubling questions about the institution. For example, is holding such views a requirement for securing a faculty appointment within the College (even if not formally stated as such)?I witnessed such silliness in the 1990s when I was a grad student at the U. I’d had the impression that most of higher education was this way, but upon moving away, I discovered that this was not the case: it was, rather, a wacko U of Minnesota thing.

augustcr - January 26, 2010 at 11:50 am

v

_perplexed_ - January 26, 2010 at 12:03 pm

Does anyone know what the University’s response was to this report? On my campus, task force reports are routinely filed and forgotten. Sure hope U. Minn. has a similar policy…

marktropolis - January 26, 2010 at 12:06 pm

Bauerlein, re #7: You state “What if they don’t find that white privilege plays a significant role in their pasts?” Your earlier quote from the report says future teachers “will be able to discuss their own histories and current thinking drawing on notions of white privilege, hegemonic masculinity, heteronormativity, and internalized oppression.”According to your own selected quotes from the report, they weren’t “demanding” anything, merely that prospective teachers “be able to discuss.” If they have understood the content related to white priveledge (whether they agreed with it or not) they ought to be able to discuss their own historied drwaing on those theories. And, yes we’re talking about theories here. You don’t have to agree with quantum physics to be trained in the theories.Sheesh, chill out Bauerlein. Nothing like yelling Fire! in a packed theater. Also, given that this is an institution of higher education, and last I checked there was *still* something about academic freedom… At what point do institutions get to determine their own degree plans?Also, I also tracked down the full document, which includes a fair amount of info on assessing these skills and capacity. Here’s what’s “demanded” of students (http://blog.lib.umn.edu/cehd/teri/task-group-reports/): “This reflection and self-discovery paper requires students to: (a) define ‘culture;’ (b) describe their own ethno-cultural background, (c) identify three of their personal motives (desires, needs) that are potentially beneficial and three that are potentially harmful, and discuss how they might affect their teaching.”Oh, and to restate what goxewu said (#15) this document is watermarked “for discussion uses…only.” And to quote from the doc’s intro: “These task group reports are not policy, but a set of working ideas brought forward by these groups for discussion.”To selectively quote from the mission statement of those brainwashers at the Division of Education at your own Emory: “#3 To exercise our independence by supporting that which is morally and ethically in the best interest of education, such as the eradication of racism, sexism, homophobia, and xenophobia; #4 To oppose state and national policies that facilitate the placement of uncertified and inadequately educated teachers in schools, particularly high poverty schools that enroll students of color”Eradication of racism? Oppose state and national policies? Talk about brainwashing. How dare we talk about racism?And isn’t it astounding that a committee charged with addressing the issues of race, culture, class, and gender in teacher preperation actually did that. Of course they didn’t talk about meritocracy. Why would they?

marktropolis - January 26, 2010 at 12:12 pm

#19: There’s a “fact sheet” at http://blog.lib.umn.edu/cehd/teri/pdf/TERI-Flyer.pdf which lists a bunch of “essentials.” I think Bauerlein might be a tad disappointed that words like heteronormativity and white priviledge didn’t make the cut.

goxewu - January 26, 2010 at 12:25 pm

Re #16:”Mr Bauerlein believes The Chronicle is a political document awaiting his regular manipulation.”If one takes “political document” to mean an ongoing online document that contains manifestly liberal/lefty and conservative/righty political comment, that part of the sentence is true. And if one takes “manipulation” meaning the posting of such comment, on the conservative/righty side of things, that part is true, too. (Only if Prof. Bauerlein were one of the behind-the-scenes editors, cutting and changing comments, deleting them, etc., would “manipulating” be literally true.)”Brainstorm’s” political menu is pretty obvious: Marc Bousquet on the far left and Teresa Ghilarducci on the milder left, Mark Bauerlein and Diane Auer Lones, closer in outlook than Bousquet and Ghilarducci, on the right. Kevin Carey, Sara Goldrick-Rab and Stan Katz are the higher-ed wonks who wax liberal, as does academe as a whole. Gina Barreca, Laurie Fendrich, John L. Jackson, Jr. and Michael Ruse are the mostly apolitical (in most of their posts) gadflies who also, when they opine on political matters, wax liberal, too, as does academe as a whole. But, for a publication ensconced in academe, “Brainstorm’s” roster of bloggers is fairly balanced. (If anybody has a nominal cause for complaint, it’s conservatives/righties because there’s no real far-right righty in the lineup.)The commenters likewise: mostly liberals/lefties with enough conservatives/righties to make it interesting. The difference is that, since commenting is wide open and attracts that large constituency of embittered conservative white males who disproportionately live on the Internet, the far right is more visibly represented. (I give you livefreeordie2–his bumpersticker pseudonym, his “Barry” for Barack, his sports-blog “ROTFLMAO!!!!,” his…well, you get the idea.)Each of us commenters has his/her joneses. I can’t stand, for instance, Stan Katz’s reciting of his speaking engagements and academically famous buddies before he gets to his usually tepid points. And I enjoy hounding Prof. Bauerlein, especially when he he tries, with increasing fecklessness, to defend such indefensible positions as his, as a frequent contributor to The Wall Street Journal, rehashing in short form so many WSJ articles, and his maintaining, as an ostensible opponent of Big Government, that the National Endowment for the Arts (which he worked for) is not part of said Big Government.But I usually think Prof. Bauerlein is simply wrong or fooling himself. And he certainly doesn’t lie low and not answer his detractors; that’s what makes him so much fun to argue with. But Prof. Bauerlein is not the ethical villain that willynilly–whose jones for Prof. Bauerlein is probably the #1 personal jones in all of “Brainstorm”–makes him out to be.Note: red_marker said only that he/she was “new” to the CHE, not that he/she “took a Chronicle subscription” (which costs money; registering to comment is free). And one should probably take with a grain of salt red_marker’s self-description of being an innocent that opens #5.As Tammy Wynette might have sung: “Sometimes it’s hard to be a liberal…” ‘Twould have applied on this thread to me.

siguccs - January 26, 2010 at 12:30 pm

There is nothing new about the UMN document – higher ed has been infused with this kind of thinking for years. Given how sympathetic their colleagues are in general to these points of view, I find it surprising that they felt the need to convene a task force on the topic. Whoever is right, it’s a shame that instead of promoting open discussion of genuinely different points of view, they instead ratify the justness of the already pervasive views.

dank48 - January 26, 2010 at 12:57 pm

Your bias, my point of view. Apparently no one involved in this project understands the concept of “beg the question.” Not surprising, since it’s so commonly misused to mean “prompt one to ask” rather than “assume the conclusion.”Racism, sexism, homophobia, and xenophobia are of course persistent problems, and denying their existence would be futile. What gets me is the notion that such isms are (a) ubiquitous and (b) absent from “our” point of view. Can anyone think of a funnier–in a mordant sort of way–phrase than “current color-blind ideology”? The oblivious self-righteousness is amazing. It would be interesting to see this program’s defenders have to go through it themselves. Ah, but of course, “we” don’t need it. It’s these other poor benighted souls who have to be brought into line with our right-thinking orthodoxy. And the very people most sensitive to the abuse of power by others will naturally deny that they themselves would ever . . . after all, we’re right, aren’t we? So it can’t be wrong to . . . it’s for their own good . . .Mark, may all your enemies be such as are simply incapable of distinguishing between slander and libel, even after a clear, direct, accurate explanation of the matter.

livefreeordie2 - January 26, 2010 at 1:03 pm

Gox waxes descrptive: I give you livefreeordie2 — his bumper sticker pseudonym, his “Barry” for Barack, his sportsblog “ROTFLMAO!!!!,” his…well, you get the idea.I’ll have you know that is my license plate, not a bumper-sticker. And that’s not from sports-blogs, it dates back to the very beginnings of AOL, if not CompuServe. When some liberals describe their reality, shorthand for laughing one’s a** off is not only handy, it’s a necessity! Finally, I’ve been trying to switch off the use of Barry with the certainly accurate nickname “Skinny.” I promise, however, to return to more formal appellations when the main stream media starts routinely using phrases such as, “The beleaguered President Obama,” or “The embattled President Obama.” Shouldn’t be long now. . .Oh. . .and let me say that I find the fact that you seem to refer to me so frequently VERY flattering! It makes you seem. . .oh. . .I don’t know. . . kinda cute. . .for a liberal.

lisa_l_spangenberg - January 26, 2010 at 1:32 pm

Dr. Bauerlein, either you really don’t read very well, or you must lecture your students. Let’s parse the bit you quote as if it were a prompt. The first outcome demands that students “discuss their own histories and current thinking drawing on notions of white privilege, hegemonic masculinity, heteronormativity, and internalized oppression.”Look at the directive verb there: discuss. This means that, yes, in fact students can, as you coyly put it, argue that “they don’t find that white privilege plays a significant role in their pasts? They’re stuck”I note, by the way, that the people who most loudly decry the notion of white privilege, and class privelege, and basic courtesy, tend to be straight white males. Funny, that.

goxewu - January 26, 2010 at 2:12 pm

Apocalypse Again: Oh, the thickness! The thickness!”bumpersticker” means “bumpersticker-like,” which most readers probably get. Besides, if we’re going to be so literal, it doesn’t say “Live Free or Die 2″ on NH license plates.”ROTFLMAO!!!!” may date back to the pleistocene, but it’s common currency on sports blogs (yep, I read ‘em sometimes) and usually follows “the Patriots suck” or some such. The multiple exclamation points, signifying shouting, have nothing to do with “shorthand.”"Skinny” is even more middle-school-wit than “Barry.” One supposes ol’ livefree’s nickname for FDR, when he needs one, is “Crip.”I refer to livefreeordie2 frequently because he’s well, so frequent. I thought about stinkcat, but he/she is way too nuanced by comparison.Being thought cute by an “embittered conservative white male who disproportionately lives* on the Internet” (ol’ livefree didn’t refute that one, so I gather it applies) in the Granite State is kind of creepy.(I’m under lots of writing deadlines, and my concentration span is way too short, so I keep ducking about for looks at “Brainstorm.” That’s my excuse.)

markbauerlein - January 26, 2010 at 9:03 pm

The “final report” of the tast group was made public on the Teacher Education Redesign Initiative blog in September. It’s here:http://blog.lib.umn.edu/cehd/teri/task-group-reports/And, Lisa, when the outcome asks students to “draw on” white privilege etc., that means, contrary to what you say, precisely that they cannot reject the notion. They must frame their history in these race/gender identitarian terms.And, amazingly, marktropolis raises the idea of academic freedom here, as if that included the right to put students through these ideological coercions.And FIRE is a First Amendment group, not a conservative group. They will defend people on any part of the ideological spectrum whose free speech rights are being trampled upon.

rambo - January 26, 2010 at 11:31 pm

Is there something wrong to be straight? To be white?

lisa_l_spangenberg - January 27, 2010 at 2:44 am

No, Mark, you’re still not parsing it correctly. “Our future teachers will be able to discuss their own histories and current thinking drawing on notions of white privilege, hegemonic masculinity, heteronormativity, and internalized oppression.”Notice, again, the verbs: “drawing on,” by the way does not imply pro or con, neither does “discuss,” and “notions” is, if anything, suggestive of something that is not a shared truth, fact or value. A student can draw upon her knowledge of white privilege and assert that it exists for evolutionary reasons (yes, people do make that argument,) or that whit privilege is actually about class more than race, or that heteronormative assumptions are less about sexual preferences than gender assumptions . . . Someone who understands the theory behind “white privilege” or “heteronormative” can draw on “notions” to argue that white privilege is or is not relevant, or historically present, or even at issue in specific contexts. I note that that it is part of our job to teach students to perceive and understand and even argue multiple points of view in order to actively and persuasively support their own opinions. It isn’t an ideological coercion any more than presenting multiple theories about the various causes of medieval plagues are “ideological coercions.” And no, there’s nothing wrong in being straight or white or a Walloon–but there is a problem when we make assumptions about universal reality because of being white or straight or black or Jewish or Walloon or or . . . ultimately all of these issues resolve into assuming that the universe is just like us, of being self-absorbed and egotistical. It’s useful to learn how “other” is perceived, and perceives us, whatever and whoever “other” might be.

amnirov - January 27, 2010 at 6:43 am

UMCE should lose its accreditation over this. PC garbage gone mad. It will be so awesome when everyone responsible for these outmoded, irrational and hateful modes of thinking retire, go senile, and are buried forgotten and unlamented.

goxewu - January 27, 2010 at 7:15 am

Prof. Spangenberg appears to be one of those dewy-eyed souls who could read the old Soviet constitution and conclude, golly! what wonderful freedom of speech each and every comrade had! Anybody who’s been around even half a block knows that the “discussion” promised future teachers in the report is going to be more like those Maoist “self-criticism” sessions that workers, shoulders slumped and heads bowed, used to have to file onto the factory floor to endure, than any honest give-and-take. Put it this way: If the passage in the report had read, “Our future teachers will be able to discuss their own histories and current thinking drawing on notions of the achievements of Western civilization, male heroism, normativity, and internalized liberty,” how enthusiastic would the report’s supporters be about the prospects of free and open “discussion”?Bottom line: The report sounds less like discussion points “education” than it does like a re-education camp.

boredwithacademia - January 27, 2010 at 8:47 am

The study, Bauerlein’s article about it, and the zany discussion thread that has resulted all make the fundamentally same point: ACADEMIA IS IRRELEVANT! Consider:1. The original study came from an outcomes assessment subgroup. How many of us seriously pay attention to anything anyone connected with the self-justifying, self-perpetuating, and self-righteous outcomes assessment movement says? In my department, and in most others I’m aware of, we just pay lip service to it because the accreditation committee and pinheaded administrators demand it. We systematically negate any impact it could have on our teaching and proceed exactly as we did before. I greet anything that comes out of an outcomes assessment subgroup with a giant “So what?” And if I, a full-time faculty member in the humanities, does, what will/should the rest of the world say.2. While I usually agree with Bauerlein, I have to ask him in all seriousness how many UMinn students he thinks will be shaped by, care about, see the world through, or even remember concepts as abstruse to the layman as “heteronormativity,” “white privelege,” and “internalized oppression.” Aren’t undergrads, to quote the title of Bauerlein’s recent book “the Dumbest Generation?” The conceptualized leftist teaching norms will only have lasting importance to some of the very small number of UMinn undergrads who will go on to become graduate students in the humanities, and, a few years after that, the even smaller number who will become full-time faculty in the humanities. In other words it only might impact the small segment of people (overwhelmingly white, heterosexual, and middle class and, increasingly “privileged”) humanities professors, who may or may not pass it down to the small segment of the next generation of undergrads who will replace them and, being humanities professors, have virtually no other impact on the society around them. The incredibly large number of students who go into everything else, or their parents’ basements, will probably only graduate with some faint memory of a middle aged hag with a voice like the teacher in Charlie Brown boring them with buzz words they will never hear again and inaccessible theories that have nothing at all to do with their increasingly difficult lives, which will not get better in the absence of the essential critical and analytical skills and cultural training that a competent humanities education would give them.3. Moreover, if academia is so dangerously left-wing, how does one then explain the two Bush victories, Scott Brown, Fox News, and the very real possibility of major Republican gains this fall, just a year after Obama brought us all that hope and change? I would start by suggesting that despite all the pedagogical activism, academia is irrelevant to the wider universe beyond the campus gates.4. The real tragedy, of course, is that academia’s irrelevance – especially in the humanities – is largely its own fault, and this is what Bauerlein and other critics should focus on. If teaching history is turned into a reductionist ideological exercise in which undergrads are expected to discuss “white privilege” but not know the dates of the Civil War and talk about “internalized oppression” without being able to name the major enemies of the US in World War II (something 67% of college graduate cannot do, last I checked), then there is a very serious problem in the priorities of higher education. The problem, of course, is that too many of us no longer convey knowledge but rather “concepts” and don’t instill critical and analytical skills but rather open material for “discussion.”5. As a white male who has lost about 2/3 of the tenure track jobs for which he was closely considered to objectively less qualified women (and not one to an objectively less qualified man), from my point of view the idea of “masculine hegemony” is as laughable as the notion that we really do live in a “meritocracy.” Even inside the walls of sacred academe, these concepts are becoming irrelevant and attracting less sympathy.So if it makes the UMinn subgroup feel important to reassess their priorities, let them. It won’t make the slightest bit of difference. They can be safely ignored and the rest of us can enjoy our relatively easy jobs.

marktropolis - January 27, 2010 at 9:32 am

Sorry Mark (#28), but I’m going to have to disagree with your position on FIRE. While they may present themselves as “nonideological” I’ll challenge you (or anyone else for that matter) to take a gander at the list of cases (at http://www.thefire.org/cases/all/) and identify how many of those cases could be considered as defending a so-called liberal point of view. The vast majority of their cases are focused on continuing the culture wars that started in the 80s and 90s. I don’t see any cases in that list where they are bringing challenges to any codes of conduct at any of the conservative colleges out there. I don’t see anything about Liberty, Patrick Henry, Regent, Thomas Aquinas. I think part of the issue that folks are missing is that students have choices about where they go. There are conservatives who go to places like Berkeley and get ticked because they can’t “express their views” (which is code of most of the population doesn’t agree with me). More liberal students have the same choice – which is why they don’t end up at places like Liberty or Regent. You don’t like what they’re doing at Minnesota, don’t work there and don’t become a student there.FIRE may want to present themselves as purely a first amendment group, but their actions tell a different story.Also, I want to ditto the point that Lisa (#30) has tried to make at least twice: this is not coercion. Then again, I guess if you’re more interested in supporting a conservative view of the world, you’d support a student insisting that his professor be fired because he’s teaching evolution (and the student in question is an “intelligent design” proponent). The point of the report (which is, again, only a report from one of a number of committees, and not requirements), is that students should understand the content. They don’t have to agree with it. I can be a Christian and take a class in Buddhism. Doesn’t mean I’m converting, but there would be an expectation that I understand Buddhism.

markbauerlein - January 27, 2010 at 11:05 am

Yes, FIRE has taken up cases for liberals and leftists who have come claiming free speech infringements. David French stated at a talk a few years back that about 15 percent of FIRE’s complaints are from people on the left. The reason that FIRE doesn’t get more than that is precisely because academia leans pretty far to the left.I agree with boredwithacademia’s points about the campus’ irrelevance when it comes to matters of values and beliefs, but there is a special matter with ed schools. (This applies to marktropolis’ point about choice, too.) Most of the time, if you want to teach in public schools in a state, then you have to be certified, which means that you must pass through an ed school program that has been accredited to do so by state officials. That means that the ed schools control the pipeline. If young people want a job in the field, then they have to undergo such intrusive and coercive assessments such as the “self-discovery” paper proposed by the task group.

goxewu - January 27, 2010 at 11:39 am

Re #34:”I can be a Christian and take a class in Buddhism. Doesn’t mean I’m converting, but there would be an expectation that I understand Buddhism.”What’s proposed ain’t no little class in Buddhism. This is more like a whole Buddhist curriculum, in which the minority Christian is supposed to stand up in class and, to use the words in the report (slightly modified for #34′s context), “discuss their own histories and current thinking drawing on notions of Christian privilege…and internalized oppression.” Students, being the street-smart buggers that they are, will soon figure out where their professors’ approval lies, and start reciting faux-confessions/experiences about (returning to the report’s subject) being undeserving recipients of “white privilege” ready to reform, etc. Like I said: re-education camp.”…only a report from one of a number of committees, and not requirements.”Funny how the supporters of the report want to have it both ways: They think the contents of the report amount to a great idea we should all get behind, but then they tell people not to worry because it’s a long way from being implemented. Hello? Are they proud of it or ashamed of it? Opponents, astutely, don’t buy the “only a report” = harmlessness gambit. Nip it in the bud, they realize, and don’t stand around doing nothing until it IS implemented and the metapphorical re-education camp [curriculum] has metaphorical cabins [classes], fences [approved syllabi], guards [vetted professors], and daily recitals of “white privelege” confessions ["discussion].

marktropolis - January 27, 2010 at 12:14 pm

#35, Mark, I’d love to see the evidence of that 15%. I’ve gone through a lot of their case files and haven’t seen much of anything that I would consider liberal or leftist. As for your comments about ed schools, the reality is that all those requirements for certification aren’t set by ed schools, they’re set by state entities – often state legistators who haven’t been in a school since they were themselves students. That said, I do know ed schools try to create programs that are aligned with their institutional missions. Again, if you don’t like the mission, don’t participate in it. If you want to be certified but you don’t want to engage in what you’ve called “coercive assessments” then go through a different program. I’m sure there’s a more conservative institution in Minneapolis that doesn’t think race should be on the curriculum.#34: Having sat through more than a few comparative religion classes (religious studies minor in undergrad) I actually think the scenario you describe would be a helluva teaching moment. Having a student discuss Buddhism while acknowledging his own Christian-centric viewpoint sounds like classic liberal education (meaning liberal arts, not liberal politics).Then again (rhetoric notwithstanding), if you are equating curriculum with re-education, syllabi with fences, and professors as prison guards, it doesn’t sound like you’d be happy with anything being taught anywhere in any formal way. Irrespective of the content or discipline. Would you require that future scientists understand evolution? Should they know the theory of gravity? What about quantum mechanics? So, here’s the question for Bauerlein: Since you wish this entire idea be trown in the trash, how would you propose students be prepared for a racial/ethnically diverse classroom? Do you think students should know anything about race and racism? Granted, ever since the arrival of critical race theory, we now have a host of new-fangled words to talk about race. Put that stuff aside for a moment. If not what is proposed at Minnesota, then what?

maa0162 - January 27, 2010 at 12:18 pm

All of this notwithstanding, anyone who has ever taught as a credentialed teacher (especially high school) knows that none of these mandates are going to change anything anyway.When I was working with pre-service teachers, I always emphasized that one of the biggest aspects of professionalism in education (both higher and k-12) is realizing that, while we do have laws to regulate behavior, in a free society people are free to think however they want, regardless of what anyone else may think about it. The factor of regulation in play here is personal responsibility; this is the most important idea that teachers traffic in.If one cannot be free in one’s own mind, where else can they ever possibly be free?Unfortunately, these mandates and their assumed effect in the k-12 classroom go against the very thing students in our society desperately need the most; preparation to think as individuals and the willingness to take responsibility for one’s own existence.

goxewu - January 27, 2010 at 1:47 pm

Re #37:If marktropolis can’t see that there’s a difference between acknowledging one’s own “[whatever]-centric viewpoint” mandatorily coupled with “internalized oppression” and simply learning about another religion or literature or history, then I can’t help.If marktropolis can’t see that there’s a difference between teaching the theory of gravity or evolution, and teaching “white privilege” and “internalized oppression,” then I can’t help there, either.That’s the whole deal: The report is a run-up to mandating that teachers teach “white privilege” (presumably even unto poor students from Appalachia) and “internalized oppression” AS IF they were gravity or evolution. It’s the PC liberal’s version of “creation science.”

markbauerlein - January 27, 2010 at 2:03 pm

goxewu gets to the distinction, marktropolis. Of course I don’t want to remove race from the curriculum–I never said that. I’ve written enough about race in US history not to have to prove that I think it’s a central academic subject. But there is a difference between presenting race as an idea and a reality to study and to take different, evidence-backed positions toward and presenting it as an idea and a reality that one must incorporate in a pre-determined way into one’s thinking.

marktropolis - January 27, 2010 at 3:10 pm

goxewu, let me try this again. Scientists across the globe have agreed that evolution is a fact. Creationists may disagree with that, but the field as a whole still operates as though evolution is a fact. It’s a part of science, and so becomes a part of science curriculum. If you’re a creationist, you’re basically saying you disagree with the field writ large. So, yes, this may be the so-called PC liberal version of “creation science.” That’s my point. Creation science doesn’t have a foothold in academe because the field has dismissed it as nonsense (unless you choice to matriculate at one of the more conservative Christian universities where you can probably major in creationism). The teacher education field has reached a consensus that race and racism play a fundamental role in education. As in it’s considered fact. There are some on the right who disagree with this conclusion. Those folks (goxewu? Bauerlein?) believe that race plays no role in K-12 education, and there’s no need to discuss race or racism. Most programs talk about race in some way, shape or form. Some talk about it using the language of white priviledge. Some use critical race theory. Some use somewhat softer mechanisms like multicultural education, or diversity training. But they’re all designed to address what the field (as a whole) regards as fact – that racism plays a role in K-12 education, and future educators should know something about it. I’ll also go back to what was said in #38. What’s the problem? None if this is going to matter one iota in the classroom anyway. You’re all getting your collective panties in a twist because one teacher education institution (out of something like 2,000) has made a *proposal* for what students should know. goxewu, please give me some evidence to back up your last graph. There have been programs in teacher prep that have tried to do this kind of work for decades. Some colleges (or departments) have been successful. The cast majority have been unable to go to the extent that Minnesota is proposing. But it’s something that has been hotly discussed for years (I was personally involved in this at the national level some 20 years ago). As long as there is racism, there will be those who attempt to address it. Minnesota’s *proposal* is one such attempt. There have been others, and there will be more in the future. You may not like it. You may disagree with the tactics. But it’s no different from what the conservative institutions attempt to do by pushing their own agendas of free market theocracies. If they’re entitled do pursue their agendas, should others be given the same right?

marktropolis - January 27, 2010 at 3:21 pm

Mark (#40), I think you’re missing (fundamentally disagreeing?) with a point that I and others have made. That no one is talking about dictating anyone’s thinking. Although that has been the conservative (right-wing?) response to much of these issues all along. Call it multicultural education, diversity, race awareness, white priviledge, pick your phraseology, those on the right have always criticized those ideas as brainwashing, or my personal fave, group-think. Instead of simply dismissing the entire thing as full-scale mind control, perhaps we should have a more indepth (nuanced?) discussion of what exactly *should* be required of future teachers as it relates to their compentency to address the issue of racism in their classrooms. What should they know and be able to do? Is it enough for them to know that Brown v. Board of Education happened in 1954, or should they also understand the interpersonal dynamics that occur in a classroom with a white teacher and a 95% black/latino classoom (or a room with a Black teacher and a 95% white class)?If, in fact, you think it’s a central subject, how do you best teach that subject to future teachers? And how do you do it without pushing goxewu over the edge?

goxewu - January 27, 2010 at 8:00 pm

Re #s 41 and 42:I, too, have used the “let me try this again” rhetorical gambit, and it does come in real handy, implying in and of itself that the audience, or the opponent, is simply too dense to have gotten what was contended the first time. So, marktropolis’s employment of the device isn’t offensive or unethical, so much as it is–like the Minnesota report and the comments supporting it–patronizing. And that’s probably the biggest problem with the report and its support on this thread: the fairly thinly disguised, we-know-what’s-best-for-you, unctuous, tsk-tsk’ing at objections raised.Neither I (code name goxewu) nor Prof. Bauerlein is either “over the edge” nor unwilling to see that racism is discussed in the classroom; in fact, both of us support it rather passionately. (I suggest that marktropolis read Prof. Bauerlein’s book on the Atlanta race riot of 1906, and then ratchet down his/her edu-psychoanalyzing of Prof. Bauerlein’s disagreement with the report. As for me, I’m simply a former full professor in the humanities who has lived and worked in five major cities, put kids through urban school systems including some minority-majority schools [both African-American majority and Latino majority], and gone to an awful lot of PTA meetings. I know well-meaning, self-congratulatory, educatorese bulls**t when I see it, and the Minnesota report is that in industrial strength. (Its authors are the institutional progeny of the same geniuses who gave us “the new math,” right?)Why is the Minnesota report educatorese bulls**t? Because it does indeed try to tell people what and how to think about racism, to tell teachers how to set up curricula and classes that will, in turn, tell more people what and how to think about racism. (Read the draft of the report and try falling out of love for a moment with the idea that bromide of “discussion” makes everything all right.) The faux-broadmindedness of the support for the report on this thread is evidenced in the taken-as-a-whole point of marktropolis, et al., that if one disagrees with the Minnesota report and its odious confessorial attitude toward “white privelege” (no “d” in the word, incidentally, since we’re all “educators” here) and the especially odious idea of “internalized oppression” that’ll have to be rooted out from the minds of the innocent and unsuspecting, then one is against including racism in the curriculum at all. The way the report is set up, “discussion” of racism is like “discussion” of whether you’ve stopped beating your wife.I happen not to be on the right. I’m for single-payer healthcare, extremely progressive income-tax rates, absolute personal choice in abortion, gay marriage that’s the complete legal equal of straight marriage, publicly financed political campaigns, taxing religion on everything but its meeting halls, regulating the snot out of Wall Street, and a whole bunch of other secular socialist stuff. I’m a left-of-center Democrat. I’m just not warm-and-fuzzy in the brain enough to fall for–to get to the heart of it–propaganda as education, no matter how well-intended and filled with piety it is.So it’s not my being on the right that fuels my objections to the Minnesota report. It’s equation of such as politically malleable “internalized oppression” with scientific fact (e.g., water-boils-at-100C-at-sea-level), and the sanctimonious equivalent of a “my way or the highway” attitude (bureaucratically expressed, of course, with allowance for “discussion” of “internalized oppression”) that raise my liberal hackles.Since racism is an anthropologically rooted subject, it would be nice (I never thought I’d see myself saying this) if jffoster, a longtime professor of anthropology, would check back in on this thread.

lisa_l_spangenberg - January 27, 2010 at 8:39 pm

@gowexu #32Prof. Spangenberg appears to be one of those dewy-eyed souls who could read the old Soviet constitution and conclude, golly! what wonderful freedom of speech each and every comrade had! Anybody who’s been around even half a block knows that the “discussion” promised future teachers in the report is going to be more like those Maoist “self-criticism” sessions that workers, shoulders slumped and heads bowed, used to have to file onto the factory floor to endure, than any honest give-and-take.I’m a lot of things, but dewy-eyed ain’t one of them. I’ve spent more than twenty years in four campus classrooms, in the U.S. and the U.K. being indoctrinated. I know what it means to really understand rhetorical analyis, otherwise I’d assume that it’s abnormal to love someone of the same sex. That pretty much covers my undergrad and early M.A. experience.But then working on my Ph.D. I had years of classroom instruction wherein some faculty and students argued that white privilege and hetronormative thinking was subsuming the voices of people of color and QLTBG members who were disenfranchised. I heard otherwise rational people assert that people of color can’t be racist, that straight people can’t be trusted, (don’t even ask what everyone had to say about bisexuals) that women can’t be sexist, that feminists are ruining the family . . . oh yeah, and that Jews killed Christ. You know what? Along the way, with a lot of help from incredible teachers, I learned to dissect arguments. I learned to spot logial fallacies, and inherently contradictiory positions, and goal-post shifting, and arguing to an agenda, and lying with statistics. I learned how to ask for a citation, and how to analyze numbers. I learned it from a lot of people that ideologically I don’t agree with at all. But they gave me skills that I can pass on to my students, so they too can decide what they think and why for themselves.

goxewu - January 27, 2010 at 9:34 pm

I stand corrected. Prof. Spangenberg is not a “dewy-eyed soul.” Or I stand semi-corrected, since I did take care to say “appears to be.”Now I’m perplexed as to how a non-dewy-eyed soul can actually accept at face value, “Our future teachers will be able to discuss their own histories and current thinking drawing on notions of white privilege, hegemonic masculinity, heteronormativity, and internalized oppression,” without seeing the sociopolitical editorializing in the likes of “hegemonic masculinity” and “internalized oppression.”

marktropolis - January 28, 2010 at 9:53 am

#43: Perhaps a poor choice of words, but my “let me try this again” was intended to be directed at my own inability to convey a message, and not some effort to pass judgement on how dense you are (or not). So, apologies that I came across as patronizing.I think I understand your consternation about this report. I think. What’s confusing to me is this differentiation you seem to be making about the content. Both you and Bauerlein have made the point that you don’t wish to ignore or dismiss the reality of racism. But I think where we get tripped up is in the discussion around how racism should be taught. My position is that this Minnesota “thing” is merely a method of delivering content. Your position (as I understand it) is that it’s more than simply content, it’s insiting that people think or feel a certain way. Or as you put it another way “propoganda as education.” We may have to agree to disagree on that point.I guess I’m struggling to get a handle on this differentiation. Also, as I requested of Bauerlein, I would like to understand (really) what your choice of curriculum would be. I too bristle at the warm and fuzzy approaches (which is where I put things like “diversity” and “multicultural education” as well as Black History Month, and insisting that we know King’s I Have a Dream, but not his speeches against the Vietnam War). I’m of the opinion that the white privilege (thanks for the spelling correction) approach is actually the anti-warm and fuzzy. I’m of the belief that in order for us to get anywhere in this mess called racism, individuals need to interrogate their own racisms and prejudices.Which takes me back to dank48′s comments (#24), who said “It would be interesting to see this program’s defenders have to go through it themselves. Ah, but of course, ‘we’ don’t need it. It’s these other poor benighted souls who have to be brought into line with our right-thinking orthodoxy. And the very people most sensitive to the abuse of power by others will naturally deny that they themselves would ever . . . after all, we’re right, aren’t we?”I think that’s the entire point of the language and strategies of talking about white privilege (or understanding things like heteronormativity): None of us is entirely free from racism. Yes, there are some (many in the academy) who feel they don’t need that kind of self-analysis, because they are smarter and more evolved than we are.I too have seen the “self-congratulatory, educatorese bulls**t” and sometimes have seen it clothed in the language of the report in question. I don’t personally know the authors so it’s tough for me to pass judgement. If this was a piece written by someone like Peter McLaren, would it have more legitimacy (for lack of a better word)? If I knew it was written by a bunch of white folks with no experience beyond the sheer whiteness of Minneapolis (or their own ivory tower) I might jump to the same place tha tyou are. A shorter version is the question I posed to Bauerlein: if not this, than what?

mercy_otis_warren - January 28, 2010 at 9:58 am

Marktropolis, very quickly, as you seem to have missed the long and very rich FIRE discussion that went on last spring after a post by John Jackson. Re: your contention that FIRE is only interested in protecting conservative speech–most obviously, FIRE took up the case of Ward Churchill:http://www.thefire.org/index.php/article/5252.html

markbauerlein - January 28, 2010 at 10:10 am

marktropolis gets to an important point about domain knowledge in a field. He says that the “teacher education” field has determined that “that race and racism play a fundamental role in education. As in it’s considered fact.” Two questions here. One, is it possible that a whole field can become ideologically-uniform and -directed? And two, what does “play a fundamental role in education” mean?

marktropolis - January 28, 2010 at 10:35 am

#47: in case I wasn’t clear, my point wasn’t that FIRE *never* takes cases that might be considered leftist, but that it’s not the vast majority of their work. That said, what’s curious is that they will come to the defense of a Ward Churchill and his 1st amendment rights (a la academic freedom), but they want to criticizre a group of faculty (at Minnesota) who happen to have share same intellectual/academic viewpoint of how best to teach someone about racism/sexism. I may be doing an apples/oranges thing here…#48: Thanks Mark! I’d push back a bit on your first question, and let’s assume that a field *can* become “ideologically-uniform and -directed.” My follow up is, can we say with certainty that that’s what happening at UofM? I’ll go back to my comparison of this conversation with the ongoing legacy of the Scopes trials: some on the right argue that evolution is an ideology and not science (while the field says that creationism is ideology and not science). Who gets to decide who’s right? I think that’s what we’re bumping up against here in terms of domain knowledge: who get’s to decide what’s in and what’s not, as well as what is ideology (or not)?As for your second question… I would posit that the answer may hinge on whether or not one “believes” in the concept of white privilege and/or internalized oppression. Alternatively, I’d ask you what you think “play a fundamental role” actually means. And we can have some fun with what “fundamental” means. As well as debating the legitimacy (or not) of the very concepts that are causing folks to throw accusations of “sociopolitical editorializing” and “propoganda as education.”

maa0162 - January 29, 2010 at 4:42 pm

This is all very deep, and quite foolish I might add.”Students” who do not like the program will spend their money at another institution and get their license another way.”Students” who do not the like the program of their own country will spend their time pursuing their dreams in another. America is the perfect example of where people like to come to do this.To paraphrase Hoffer, when people are so empty in their own existence that they are not capapble of mananging their own affairs, they must necessarily turn their attention to the affairs of the people around them.

goxewu - January 29, 2010 at 6:42 pm

This thread’s debate concerns what’s taking place, mind you, at a state university, the big cheese state university, in fact, in Minnesota. Students “who do not like the program” are nominally free to go elsewhere, sure, but they’re going to have to go a) out of state, or b) to a lesser institution within the state, or c) a private university where the tuition is a whole lot more. Meanwhile, the program at the University of Minnesota will be perceived (at least in Minnesota) the standard-bearer, and graduates of it will be perceived as, well, the best graduates. So “consumer choice” as a reason to label this debate “quite foolish” is a canard.

maa0162 - January 29, 2010 at 8:33 pm

A teaching license is granted by the state, not by the university where the work was done, the way a diploma is. The license says nothing about where the actual work was done.In fact, many hard to staff districts in my state (a state with a large immigrant population) run their own licensing programs that have no connection to any university.

goxewu - January 29, 2010 at 10:14 pm

As if, in hiring, the employer looks only at the license, and not at the university where the work was done. That’s why young lawyers who went to the Acme Law School in Worcester and passed the bar have the same employment prospects as those who passed the bar, but prepared for it at Harvard Law.

maa0162 - January 29, 2010 at 10:39 pm

In education hiring, the employer looks at the authorizations on the document because that is what the law says they have to look at.The discussion is about education, not law.

goxewu - January 29, 2010 at 11:44 pm

1. The law doesn’t say that the employer is prohibited from looking any further into the applicant’s qualifications than the mere possession of a license. 2. If an employer doesn’t look any further, if an employer in effect puts all the licenses in a hat and blindly pulls one out to select the applicant for the job, then the employer isn’t doing due diligence.3. Prospective employers presumably conduct interviews. In the interview, does the matter of where the applicant has done his/her work come up? Of course it does.4. If somehow, the method of selecting among applicants is license-and-nothing-else, then it’s futile for the University of Minnesota to go through all these report/revision machinations about “white privilege” and “internalized opporession”, except for a statistical edge if it has the largest number of graduates. 5. #53 knows full well that the discussion is about education, not law. #53 was drawing a p-a-r-a-l-l-e-l.(If maa0162 is part of the education establishment, and requires the kind of remedial reasoning, above, then woe be unto the education establishment of which maa0162 is a part.)

maa0162 - January 30, 2010 at 1:16 am

The law is very clear about what is permitted in an interview of this sort and what is not. As in most professions, experience trumps all. A reference check in this case is not made to see where one went to school. And as everyone knows,the most inexperienced teachers work in schools where experienced teachers are needed the most (i.e. schools with large minority populations).The point is, and perhaps I was not clear, is that if one applies for a job as, say, a bilingual educator, one must have that qualification on their license. If one does not, then it is against the law for the school to hire that person to perform that function. To my knowledge, the U. of Minn. proposal(and I must admit I have never lived or worked in that state) does not meet any such specific requirement.To go full circle however, the more salient point has been raised in your post in relation to the original blog. If a society plans to educate a population as diverse as that in the U.S., then it requires a teaching force that mirrors that very diversity. Who is to say who needs “remedial reasoning” anyway? Besides God, who has the right to make that judgement about other people? Was that not the premise of the Minn. proposal in the first place?I say “good night” to this particular subject because it is already on page 2 and too many inexperienced people contribute to it but, what’s the line for the L.A. Kings and Boston Bruins tomorrow?

goxewu - January 30, 2010 at 9:46 am

“…the U. of Minn. proposal(and I must admit I have never lived or worked in that state)…”"I say ‘good night’ to this particular subject because it is already on page 2 and too many inexperienced people contribute to it..”

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