'The Most American Thing in America: Circuit Chautauqua as Performance'

Once upon a time in small-town America, summer meant Chautauqua. Before radio, before talking pictures, rural folk counted on finding wholesome and edifying entertainment when the "big brown tent" arrived.

Itinerant Chautauqua had a stationary start in 1874 when a group of Methodists grew uncomfortable with the flamboyant emotion of camp-meeting revivalism. They proposed an alternative: a summer assembly for Sunday-school teachers. The first gathering was held by Lake Chautauqua in New

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