Iraq's National Library and Archive Closes

After months of determined efforts to keep going amid Iraq's deepening violence and chaos, the National Library and Archive, the country's largest depository of books and documents, has closed.

Saad Bashir Eskander, the library's director general, said in an e-mail message to The Chronicle that he had reluctantly decided to shutter the institution on November 21 after several staff members were killed and the building had increasingly come under fire.

The institution and its

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