Iraq's Universities Near Collapse

Hundreds of professors and students have been killed or kidnapped, hundreds more have fled, and those who remain face daily threats of violence

Saad Jawad does not like to take chances. The University of Baghdad political-science professor goes to the campus only once or twice a week, varying the days to throw off any would-be assassins. His courses are less than one-third full, and he often has to wait hours until students show up.

When a class does finally convene, he assigns

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