Final Rules Issued on Microbes

The federal government has issued final rules requiring university researchers to carefully safeguard the microbes and toxins they study that could be converted into biological weapons.

Federal officials made several clarifications but no major revisions to an earlier version of the rules, which universities had called burdensome and expensive. The government estimates that the costs of compliance will be lower than critics have said.

The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and

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