March 3, 2000

Backlash Against Title IX: an End Run Around Female Athletes

By ANDREW ZIMBALIST

After an initial burst of progress following its passage, in 1972, Title IX did little to promote gender equity in intercollegiate athletics during the 1980's. But the 1988 Civil Rights Restoration Act and subsequent court cases reinvigorated the progress of women in sports during the 1990's. The share of women among all intercollegiate athletes increased from 33.4 percent in 1990-91 to 39.9 percent in 1997-98.

Although such growth marks substantial

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