An Unsettled Forecast for Global Warming

Climate science, Doug Macdougall writes, "is notoriously difficult, because there are so many interconnected variables at work that cause and effect are often impossible to discern with confidence."

Those variables, which Macdougall discusses in Frozen Earth: The Once and Future Story of Ice Ages, published recently by the University of California Press, have bedeviled the debate over global warming from the beginning.

Complexity breeds uncertainty, and uncertainty can lead to

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